潜水致中耳气压伤。

Middle ear barotrauma in diving.

机构信息

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Corresponding author: Oskari H Lindfors, Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029 HUH, Helsinki, Finland,

出版信息

Diving Hyperb Med. 2021 Mar 31;51(1):44-52. doi: 10.28920/dhm51.1.44-52.

DOI:10.28920/dhm51.1.44-52

PMID:33761540

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8313771/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Middle ear barotrauma (MEBt) is the most common medical complication in diving, posing a serious risk to dive safety. Given this prevalence and the continuing growth of the diving industry, a comprehensive overview of the condition is warranted.

METHODS

This was a survey study. An anonymous, electronic questionnaire was distributed to 7,060 recipients: professional divers of the Finnish Border Guard, the Finnish Rescue Services, and the Finnish Heritage agency; and recreational divers registered as members of the Finnish Divers' Association reachable by e-mail (roughly two-thirds of all members and recreational divers in Finland). Primary outcomes were self-reported prevalence, clinical characteristics, and health effects of MEBt while diving. Secondary outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (OR) for frequency of MEBt with respect to possible risk factors.

RESULTS

A total of 1,881 respondents participated in the study (response rate 27%). In total, 81% of the respondents had experienced MEBt while diving. Of those affected, 38% had used medications and 1% had undergone otorhinolaryngology-related surgical procedures due to MEBt. Factors most associated with MEBt were poor subjective success in Valsalva ('occasionally' versus 'always' successful: OR 11.56; 95% CI 7.24-18.47) and Toynbee ('occasionally' versus 'always' successful: OR 3.51; 95% CI 1.95-6.30) manoeuvres.

CONCLUSIONS

MEBt is common in both recreational and professional divers, having affected 81% of the respondents. The main possible risk factors include poor success in pressure equalisation manoeuvres.

摘要

简介

中耳气压伤（MEBt）是潜水最常见的医学并发症，对潜水安全构成严重威胁。鉴于这种普遍性和潜水行业的持续发展，有必要对该病症进行全面概述。

方法

这是一项调查研究。向 7060 名收件人分发了匿名电子问卷：芬兰边境警卫队、芬兰救援服务机构和芬兰遗产机构的专业潜水员；以及可通过电子邮件联系到的芬兰潜水员协会注册的休闲潜水员（大约是芬兰所有会员和休闲潜水员的三分之二）。主要结果是潜水时 MEBt 的自我报告患病率、临床特征和健康影响。次要结果是 MEBt 频率与可能的危险因素之间的调整比值比（OR）。

结果

共有 1881 名受访者参与了这项研究（回应率为 27%）。总的来说，81%的受访者在潜水时经历过 MEBt。受影响的人中，38%因 MEBt 而使用了药物，1%因 MEBt 接受了耳鼻喉科相关的手术治疗。与 MEBt 最相关的因素是瓦尔萨尔瓦（Valsalva）动作的主观成功率差（“偶尔”成功与“总是”成功相比：OR 11.56；95%CI 7.24-18.47）和托恩比（Toynbee）动作（“偶尔”成功与“总是”成功相比：OR 3.51；95%CI 1.95-6.30）。