University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Molecular Genetics, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111395. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111395. Epub 2021 Feb 18.
Many studies show that saponins isolated from various plants have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells inducing apoptosis and autophagy. On the other hand, saponins also exhibit a number of beneficial properties, such as antioxidant properties. Thus, saponins can be considered both in terms of their therapeutic and protective effects during anticancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the effect of the saponin fraction isolated from sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) leaves on the viability of HL-60 cancer cells using resazurin assay and its ability to induction of apoptosis with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) double staining. Moreover, we studied its effect on the oxidative stress induced by HO, and anti-platelet and anticoagulant potential in whole blood using T-TAS, a microchip-based flow chamber system. We observed that the saponin fraction significantly decreased the viability of HL-60 cells at the concentration above 50 µg/mL and induced apoptosis at the concentration of 100 µg/mL. Moreover, we observed that saponin fraction used at lower concentrations, such as 0.5 and 1 µg/mL, stimulated HL-60 cells and increased their viability. The saponin fraction also decreased the level of free radicals and reduced oxidative DNA damage measured by the comet assay. However, at high concentration of oxidant HO equal 5 mM, we noticed that the saponin fraction at 50 µg/mL increased the level of free radicals in HL-60 cells. We also demonstrated anticoagulant potential of the saponin fraction at the concentration of 50 µg/mL. Our results indicate that the saponin fraction obtained from sea buckthorn leaves can show both chemotherapeutic and chemoprotective potential.
许多研究表明，从各种植物中分离出的皂苷对癌细胞具有细胞毒性作用，诱导细胞凋亡和自噬。另一方面，皂苷还表现出许多有益的特性，如抗氧化特性。因此，皂苷可以从治疗和保护作用两方面来考虑，在抗癌治疗过程中使用。在这项研究中，我们使用resazurin 测定法研究了从沙棘（Elaeagnus rhamnoides（L.）A. Nelson）叶中分离的皂苷对 HL-60 癌细胞活力的影响，并用 Annexin V-FITC 和碘化丙啶（PI）双重染色法研究了其诱导细胞凋亡的能力。此外，我们还使用基于微芯片的流动室系统 T-TAS 研究了它对 HO 诱导的氧化应激和全血中的抗血小板和抗凝作用的影响。我们观察到，皂苷在浓度高于 50μg/mL 时显著降低 HL-60 细胞的活力，并在浓度为 100μg/mL 时诱导细胞凋亡。此外，我们观察到，在较低浓度（如 0.5 和 1μg/mL）下使用皂苷会刺激 HL-60 细胞并增加其活力。皂苷还降低了自由基水平，并减少了彗星试验测量的氧化 DNA 损伤。然而，在高浓度的氧化剂 HO 为 5mM 时，我们注意到在 50μg/mL 的皂苷浓度下，HL-60 细胞中的自由基水平增加。我们还证明了皂苷在 50μg/mL 浓度下的抗凝潜力。我们的结果表明，从沙棘叶中获得的皂苷可以表现出化学治疗和化学保护的潜力。
