Kostyniuk Lidia P, D'Souza Clive
University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor.
Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2020 Feb;132:872-881. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.01.002.
Public transit serves users with a broad range of physical capabilities and design needs. However information about the operational effects of diverse users interacting with the transit system is scarce. This paper examined the occurrence and effects of boarding and alighting passengers with mobility aids (wheelchairs, scooters, walkers and canes), or with large items (carts, strollers, bicycles, or carrying an infant) on bus stop dwell time in a fixed-route bus service. On-board video data from low-floor public transit buses serving Ann Arbor, Michigan were used from 199 bus stops with at least one passenger boarding or alighting with a mobility aid or encumbered with a large item, and an additional 1642 bus stops without any mobility aids or encumbrances. A sequence of linear regression models examined the relationship between dwell time and the addition of variables representing passengers with mobility aids and encumbrances, and use of the on-vehicle access ramp, beyond explanatory variables typically used in dwell time analysis. Accounting for passengers boarding/alighting with mobility aids and encumbrances ( < 0.001) and use of the access ramp ( < 0.001) increased the variance explanation of a dwell time model based on boarding passengers by fare payment, alighting passengers by door use, and passenger load from 46% to 56%. Results indicate distinct patterns in the durations for boarding and alighting by passengers with vs. without mobility aids and encumbrances, and when a ramp is used by wheeled mobility users vs. ambulatory passengers with walking aids. The findings suggest that accounting for the presence of passengers with mobility aids or encumbrances and ramp use in dwell time analyses could help transit operators make their service operationally more efficient and inclusive for all passengers and encourage more use of fixed-route transit among individuals with disabilities.
公共交通为身体能力和设计需求广泛的用户提供服务。然而，关于不同用户与公交系统交互的运营影响的信息却很少。本文研究了携带移动辅助设备（轮椅、踏板车、助行器和手杖）或携带大件物品（推车、婴儿车、自行车或怀抱婴儿）的乘客上下车对固定路线公交服务中公交站点停留时间的影响。使用了来自密歇根州安娜堡市低地板公交的车载视频数据，涉及199个公交站点，这些站点至少有一名携带移动辅助设备或大件物品上下车的乘客，以及另外1642个没有任何移动辅助设备或大件物品的公交站点。一系列线性回归模型研究了停留时间与代表携带移动辅助设备和大件物品的乘客的变量以及车载通道斜坡的使用之间的关系，这些变量超出了停留时间分析中通常使用的解释变量。考虑到携带移动辅助设备和大件物品的乘客上下车情况（<0.001）以及通道斜坡的使用情况（<0.001），基于按票价支付情况划分的上车乘客、按车门使用情况划分的下车乘客以及乘客负载的停留时间模型的方差解释率从46%提高到了56%。结果表明，携带和未携带移动辅助设备及大件物品的乘客上下车时间存在明显差异，以及使用轮椅的移动用户与使用助行器的步行乘客使用斜坡时的上下车时间也存在明显差异。研究结果表明，在停留时间分析中考虑携带移动辅助设备或大件物品的乘客以及斜坡的使用情况，有助于公交运营商提高服务运营效率，使其对所有乘客更具包容性，并鼓励残疾人士更多地使用固定路线公交服务。
