Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Apr 20;55(8):4305-4313. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06017. Epub 2021 Mar 25.
Safe and cost-effective geologic carbon storage will require active CO reservoir management, including brine extraction to minimize subsurface pressure accumulation. While past simulation and experimental efforts have estimated brine extraction volumes, carbon management policies must also assess the energy or emissions penalties of managing and disposing of this brine. We estimate energy and CO emission penalties of extracted brine management on a per tonne of CO stored basis by spatially integrating CO emissions from U.S. coal-fired electric generating units, CO storage reservoirs, and brine salinity data sets under several carbon and water management scenarios. We estimate a median energy penalty of 4.4-35 kWh/tonne CO stored, suggesting that brine management will be the largest post capture and compression energy sink in the carbon storage process. These estimates of energy demand for brine management are useful for evaluating end-uses for treated brine, assessing the cost of CO storage at the reservoir level, and optimizing national CO transport and storage infrastructure.
安全且具成本效益的地质碳封存需要对 CO2 储库进行积极的管理，包括抽取盐水以尽量减少地下压力的积累。虽然过去的模拟和实验研究已经估算了盐水的抽取量，但碳管理政策还必须评估管理和处置这些盐水的能源或排放代价。我们通过空间集成美国燃煤电厂、CO2 储存库和盐水盐度数据集的 CO2 排放数据，在几种碳和水管理情景下，估算了单位储存 CO2 量的抽取盐水管理的能源和 CO2 排放代价。我们估算的能源代价的中值为 4.4-35 kWh/吨 CO2，这表明盐水管理将是碳封存过程中捕集和压缩后最大的能源消耗环节。这些盐水管理能源需求的估算结果可用于评估处理后盐水的用途，评估储库级别的 CO2 储存成本，以及优化国家 CO2 输送和储存基础设施。
