Caura Village, Trinidad and Tobago.
J Genet. 2021;100.
Arrhenotoky, in which females arise from fertilized eggs and males from unfertilized eggs, has evolved multiple times in animals, most prominently in the insect order Hymenoptera. An alternative form of haplodiploidy, in which females are haploid and males diploid-here named enantiotoky-is not known to exist. An illustrated thought experiment shows that if it does evolve, it will be very unstable and is expected to disappear very quickly.
孤雌生殖，即雌性由受精卵发育而来，雄性由未受精卵发育而来，在动物中已多次进化，最突出的是在昆虫的膜翅目。另一种形式的单倍二倍体性，即雌性为单倍体而雄性为二倍体——在这里称为两性生殖——据知并不存在。一个图示思维实验表明，如果它确实进化了，它将非常不稳定，预计很快就会消失。
