Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy.
Chair of Endocrinology and Medical Sexology (ENDOSEX), Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy; Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Sex Med Rev. 2022 Jan;10(1):3-22. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.01.005. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
Strategies of harm reduction (HR) include policies and community-based measures aimed to reduce the risk of self-harm while continuing potentially hazardous behaviors, such as illegal drug, alcohol, and tobacco use.
To assess whether and to which extent strategies of HR could have beneficial, or harmful, effects on sexual and reproductive health, for general and at-risk populations.
A literature research was performed between July 2020 and January 2021, investigating the association between harm reduction strategies and sexual and reproductive health.
HR strategies are mostly aimed at providing support to at-risk population, such as injection drug users or sex workers. Alcohol and drug use, smoking and high-risk sexual behaviors are among the main targets for HR strategies. Barriers to access, such as stigma, marginalization or lacking awareness, are often present as negative risk factors and require attention from professionals. Preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs), early/unwanted pregnancies and violence are the most important results HR programs could provide for sexual and reproductive health. However, evidence is limited and often qualitative, rather than quantitative.
HR strategies are important measures to improve sexual and reproductive health in at-risk populations. Increasing personal and social awareness is a key factor for the success of HR programs. A Sansone, E. Limoncin, E Colonnello, et al. Harm Reduction in Sexual Medicine. Sex Med Rev 2022;10:3-22.
减少伤害策略（HR）包括旨在降低自我伤害风险的政策和以社区为基础的措施，同时继续进行潜在危险的行为，如非法使用毒品、酒精和烟草。
评估 HR 策略是否以及在何种程度上对一般人群和高危人群的性健康和生殖健康有有益或有害的影响。
在 2020 年 7 月至 2021 年 1 月期间进行了文献研究，调查 HR 策略与性健康和生殖健康之间的关联。
HR 策略主要针对高危人群，如注射毒品使用者或性工作者提供支持。酒精和毒品使用、吸烟和高危性行为是 HR 策略的主要目标之一。获得支持的障碍，如耻辱感、边缘化或缺乏意识，通常是负面的风险因素，需要专业人员的关注。预防性传播感染（STIs）、意外怀孕和暴力是 HR 项目可以为性健康和生殖健康提供的最重要的结果。然而，证据有限，且往往是定性的，而不是定量的。
HR 策略是改善高危人群性健康和生殖健康的重要措施。提高个人和社会意识是 HR 项目成功的关键因素。A. Sansone、E. Limoncin、E. Colonnello 等人。性医学评论中的减少伤害。2022 年 10 卷 3-22 页。
