School of Psychology, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Jul;126:194-212. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.018. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
Persistent tic disorders (PTDs) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental conditions which tend to co-occur. Both diagnoses are associated with sleep problems. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates overlaps and distinctions in objective sleep parameters based on diagnosis (PTD-only, PTD + ADHD, and ADHD-only).
Databases were searched to identify studies with objective sleep measures in each population. Meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model.
Polysomnography was the only measure included in all three groups. Twenty studies met final inclusion criteria, combining PTD-only (N = 108), PTD + ADHD (N = 79), and ADHD-only (N = 316). Compared to controls (N = 336), PTD-only and PTD + ADHD groups had significantly lower sleep efficiency and higher sleep onset latency. PTD + ADHD also had significantly increased time in bed and total sleep time. No significant differences were observed between ADHD-only groups and controls.
Different sleep profiles appear to characterise each population. PTD + ADHD was associated with more pronounced differences. Further research is required to elucidate disorder-specific sleep problems, ensuring appropriate identification and monitoring of sleep in clinical settings.
持续性运动障碍（PTD）和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是常见的神经发育障碍，往往同时存在。这两种诊断都与睡眠问题有关。本系统评价和荟萃分析基于诊断（仅 PTD、PTD+ADHD 和 ADHD 仅）调查了客观睡眠参数的重叠和区别。
搜索数据库以确定每个群体中具有客观睡眠测量的研究。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。
多导睡眠图是所有三组都包含的唯一测量方法。最终纳入了 20 项研究，包括仅 PTD（N=108）、PTD+ADHD（N=79）和 ADHD 仅（N=316）。与对照组（N=336）相比，仅 PTD 和 PTD+ADHD 组的睡眠效率明显降低，睡眠潜伏期明显延长。PTD+ADHD 组的卧床时间和总睡眠时间也明显增加。ADHD 仅组与对照组之间无显著差异。
不同的睡眠模式似乎是每个群体的特征。PTD+ADHD 与更明显的差异相关。需要进一步研究来阐明特定疾病的睡眠问题，以确保在临床环境中对睡眠进行适当的识别和监测。
