Key Laboratory for Tibet Plateau Phytochemistry of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining 810007, Qinghai, PR China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, Qinghai, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, PR China.
Qinghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, PR China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Nov 15;280:114068. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114068. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
Gentiana straminea Maxim. is a well-known Tibetan traditional herb, which has been used to treat rheumatic arthritis, iceteric hepatitis, and other diseases for thousands years. However, there is still lack of comprehensive active constituents profiling of this species throughout the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP).
This study was designed to provide a comprehensive quality map of G.straminea germplasm based on twelve active constituents (loganic acid, gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, sweroside, 6-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside, oleanic acid, morroniside, trilobatin, isoorientin, isovite, Shanzhisidemethylester and quercetin) on the QTP.
G.straminea root samples collected throughout QTP in the flowering period were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. Statistics analysis methods PCA, clustering and ecological regions analysis for G.straminea constituents differentiation was demonstrated.
The active constituents varied greatly across the QTP; the majority of constituents were secoiridoid derivatives, with gentiopicroside being the most abundant compound. Most constituents were significantly affected by the latitudes and altitudes other than longitudes. PCA and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that all samples could be separated into six distinct groups, and 15 populations showed the highest constituent abundances. Further, geographical region analysis showed that the highest quality populations mainly located near the source region of Yellow River, especially in the Qinghai and Sichuan areas. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that there were relationships among genetiopicroside, loganic acid, and other compounds, which might be related to the enzymatic pathways involved in the metabolism of these constituents.
LC-MS/MS method allowed separation of quality profiling of G.straminea on the QTP, 15 populations showed the highest constituent abundances. In six geographical groups, the highest quality populations mainly located near the source region of Yellow River, especially in the Qinghai and Sichuan areas, which may be due to the climate caused by the westerlies and Indian Ocean monsoons in the QTP.
蓝龙胆（Gentiana straminea Maxim.）是一种著名的藏药传统草药，数千年来一直用于治疗风湿性关节炎、黄疸型肝炎等疾病。然而，对于整个青藏高原（QTP）的这种物种，仍然缺乏全面的活性成分分析。
本研究旨在基于青藏高原的 12 种活性成分（獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、当药苷、当药苦苷、6-O-β-D-葡萄糖龙胆苦苷、齐墩果酸、獐牙菜苷、三叶苷、异荭草苷、异牡荆苷、山栀苷甲酯和槲皮素）为蓝龙胆种质提供全面的质量图谱。
在开花期，对青藏高原采集的蓝龙胆根样品进行 LC-MS/MS 分析。采用 PCA、聚类和生态区分析等统计分析方法，对蓝龙胆成分的差异进行了研究。
活性成分在青藏高原分布差异较大；大多数成分是裂环环烯醚萜衍生物，龙胆苦苷含量最高。大多数成分受纬度和海拔的影响较大，而不受经度的影响。PCA 和层次聚类分析表明，所有样品可分为六个不同的组，15 个种群的成分含量最高。此外，地理区域分析表明，质量最高的种群主要分布在黄河源头附近，尤其是青海和四川地区。此外，相关性分析表明，獐牙菜苦苷、獐牙菜苷与其他化合物之间存在相关性，这可能与这些成分代谢过程中的酶途径有关。
LC-MS/MS 方法可分离青藏高原蓝龙胆的质量特征图谱，15 个种群的成分含量最高。在六个地理群中，质量最高的种群主要分布在黄河源头附近，特别是在青海和四川地区，这可能是由于青藏高原西风和印度洋季风带来的气候影响。
