Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis: Evidence of Premature Fusion of the Midline Palatal Suture.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

Various etiologies have been theorized for the development of congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS). Imaging possibly implicates abnormal fusion of the midline palatal suture and deficient lateral growth of the midface in affected neonates.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A single-center, retrospective study was performed at a tertiary care pediatric hospital involving neonates and infants between 0 and 90 days of life. Maxillofacial CT scans of patients were reviewed. Abnormality of the palatal suture and midface transverse dimensions were measured and analyzed in patients with and without CNPAS.

RESULTS

A total of 109 patients between 0 and 90 days of life had maxillofacial CT scans. Thirteen patients were classified as having CNPAS, 27 patients had normal scans (control group), and 69 patients were excluded because of the presence of other craniofacial anomalies. All patients with CNPAS had evidence of abnormal fusion of the midline palatal suture. Zero patients without CNPAS had a midline palatal suture abnormality. The mean widths of the pyriform aperture were 5.7 mm (SD, 1.7) in the CNPAS group and 13.1 mm (SD, 2.7) in the control group ( < .0001). The mean distance between the superior portions of the nasolacrimal ducts was 9.1 mm (SD, 2.1) in the CNPAS group, and the mean of the control group was 13.4 mm (SD, 2.2) ( < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with CNPAS have abnormal fusion of the midline palatal suture and exhibit lateral growth restriction of the midface. This may implicate synostosis of the midline palatal suture and abnormal midface growth.