Reichlmeir Marina, Elias Lena, Schulte Dorothea
Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Mar 9;9:648765. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648765. eCollection 2021.
Transcription factors (TFs) guide effector proteins like chromatin-modifying or -remodeling enzymes to distinct sites in the genome and thereby fulfill important early steps in translating the genome's sequence information into the production of proteins or functional RNAs. TFs of the same family are often highly conserved in evolution, raising the question of how proteins with seemingly similar structure and DNA-binding properties can exert physiologically distinct functions or respond to context-specific extracellular cues. A good example is the TALE superclass of homeodomain-containing proteins. All TALE-homeodomain proteins share a characteristic, 63-amino acid long homeodomain and bind to similar sequence motifs. Yet, they frequently fulfill non-redundant functions even in domains of co-expression and are subject to regulation by different signaling pathways. Here we provide an overview of posttranslational modifications that are associated with murine and human TALE-homeodomain proteins and discuss their possible importance for the biology of these TFs.
转录因子（TFs）引导诸如染色质修饰或重塑酶等效应蛋白至基因组中的不同位点，从而在将基因组序列信息转化为蛋白质或功能性RNA的产生过程中完成重要的早期步骤。同一家族的转录因子在进化过程中通常高度保守，这就引发了一个问题：结构和DNA结合特性看似相似的蛋白质如何发挥生理上不同的功能或对特定背景的细胞外信号作出反应。一个很好的例子是含同源结构域的TALE超类蛋白。所有TALE-同源结构域蛋白都共享一个特征性的、63个氨基酸长的同源结构域，并结合相似的序列基序。然而，它们即使在共表达区域也常常发挥非冗余功能，并受到不同信号通路的调控。在这里，我们概述了与小鼠和人类TALE-同源结构域蛋白相关的翻译后修饰，并讨论了它们对这些转录因子生物学特性的可能重要性。
