School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan.
Essays Biochem. 2021 Jul 26;65(2):355-364. doi: 10.1042/EBC20200178.
The genus Shewanella comprises over 70 species of heterotrophic bacteria with versatile respiratory capacities. Some of these bacteria are known to be pathogens of fishes and animals, while many are non-pathogens considered to play important roles in the global carbon cycle. A representative strain is Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 that has been intensively studied for its ability to respire diverse electron acceptors, such as oxygen, nitrate, sulfur compounds, metals, and organics. In addition, studies have been focused on its ability as an electrochemically active bacterium that is capable of discharging electrons to and receiving electrons from electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for balancing intracellular redox states. This ability is expected to be applied to electro-fermentation (EF) for producing value-added chemicals that conventional fermentation technologies are difficult to produce efficiently. Researchers are also attempting to utilize its electrochemical ability for controlling gene expression, for which electro-genetics (EG) has been coined. Here we review fundamental knowledge on this bacterium and discuss future directions of studies on its applications to electro-biotechnology (EB).
希瓦氏菌属包含超过 70 种异养细菌，具有多样化的呼吸能力。这些细菌中有一些已知是鱼类和动物的病原体，而许多则是非病原体，被认为在全球碳循环中发挥着重要作用。一个代表性的菌株是希瓦氏菌属的 oneidensis MR-1，它因其能够呼吸多种电子受体（如氧气、硝酸盐、硫化合物、金属和有机物）而被深入研究。此外，研究还集中在其作为一种电化学活性细菌的能力上，这种细菌能够在生物电化学系统（BES）中向电极释放电子并从电极接收电子，以平衡细胞内的氧化还原状态。这种能力有望应用于电发酵（EF），以生产传统发酵技术难以高效生产的增值化学品。研究人员还试图利用其电化学能力来控制基因表达，为此发明了电遗传学（EG）。在这里，我们回顾了关于这种细菌的基础知识，并讨论了将其应用于电生物技术（EB）的未来研究方向。
