Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as a bacterial platform for electro-biotechnology.

The genus Shewanella comprises over 70 species of heterotrophic bacteria with versatile respiratory capacities. Some of these bacteria are known to be pathogens of fishes and animals, while many are non-pathogens considered to play important roles in the global carbon cycle. A representative strain is Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 that has been intensively studied for its ability to respire diverse electron acceptors, such as oxygen, nitrate, sulfur compounds, metals, and organics. In addition, studies have been focused on its ability as an electrochemically active bacterium that is capable of discharging electrons to and receiving electrons from electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for balancing intracellular redox states. This ability is expected to be applied to electro-fermentation (EF) for producing value-added chemicals that conventional fermentation technologies are difficult to produce efficiently. Researchers are also attempting to utilize its electrochemical ability for controlling gene expression, for which electro-genetics (EG) has been coined. Here we review fundamental knowledge on this bacterium and discuss future directions of studies on its applications to electro-biotechnology (EB).