Dickerson R N, Melnik G
Pharmacy and Drug Information Service, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1988 Apr;45(4):832-4.
The osmolality values of a variety of commonly used drug solutions and suspensions were determined. A total of 58 commercially available drug solutions and suspensions and electrolyte solutions for oral use were analyzed. Samples of each product were diluted 1:10 to a total volume of 100 microL with sterile water for irrigation and mixed thoroughly. The osmolality of 10-microL aliquots of each diluted mixture was determined at least in duplicate by vapor pressure osmometry. Only six (10%) of the products had osmolality values that were less than or equal to 1000 mOsm/kg (i.e., similar to the values of commercially available enteral formulas). The other products had osmolality values ranging from 1,050 to 10,950 mOsm/kg. Since many drug solutions and suspensions are hypertonic compared with normal gastrointestinal secretions, inappropriate administration could cause adverse gastrointestinal effects in patients receiving enteral nutrition support.
测定了多种常用药物溶液和混悬液的渗透压值。共分析了58种市售口服药物溶液、混悬液和电解质溶液。将每种产品的样品用无菌冲洗用水按1:10稀释至总体积100微升，并充分混合。通过蒸气压渗透压法至少重复测定每个稀释混合物10微升等分试样的渗透压。只有六种（10%）产品的渗透压值小于或等于1000毫渗摩尔/千克（即与市售肠内配方产品的值相似）。其他产品的渗透压值在1050至10950毫渗摩尔/千克之间。由于许多药物溶液和混悬液与正常胃肠道分泌物相比是高渗的，不恰当给药可能会对接受肠内营养支持的患者造成胃肠道不良反应。
