加拿大对 COVID-19 疫苗的犹豫：使用理论领域框架对推文的内容分析。

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Canada: Content Analysis of Tweets Using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

机构信息

Women's College Hospital Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

出版信息

J Med Internet Res. 2021 Apr 13;23(4):e26874. doi: 10.2196/26874.

DOI:10.2196/26874

PMID:33769946

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8045776/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

With the approval of two COVID-19 vaccines in Canada, many people feel a sense of relief, as hope is on the horizon. However, only about 75% of people in Canada plan to receive one of the vaccines.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to determine the reasons why people in Canada feel hesitant toward receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.

METHODS

We screened 3915 tweets from public Twitter profiles in Canada by using the search words "vaccine" and "COVID." The tweets that met the inclusion criteria (ie, those about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy) were coded via content analysis. Codes were then organized into themes and interpreted by using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

RESULTS

Overall, 605 tweets were identified as those about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy stemmed from the following themes: concerns over safety, suspicion about political or economic forces driving the COVID-19 pandemic or vaccine development, a lack of knowledge about the vaccine, antivaccine or confusing messages from authority figures, and a lack of legal liability from vaccine companies. This study also examined mistrust toward the medical industry not due to hesitancy, but due to the legacy of communities marginalized by health care institutions. These themes were categorized into the following five Theoretical Domains Framework constructs: knowledge, beliefs about consequences, environmental context and resources, social influence, and emotion.

CONCLUSIONS

With the World Health Organization stating that one of the worst threats to global health is vaccine hesitancy, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the reasons behind this reluctance. By using a behavioral science framework, this study adds to the emerging knowledge about vaccine hesitancy in relation to COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing public discourse in tweets in real time. Health care leaders and clinicians may use this knowledge to develop public health interventions that are responsive to the concerns of people who are hesitant to receive vaccines.

摘要

背景

随着加拿大两种 COVID-19 疫苗的获批，许多人感到宽慰，因为希望就在眼前。然而，加拿大只有约 75%的人计划接种其中一种疫苗。

目的

本研究旨在确定加拿大人对接种 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫不决的原因。

方法

我们通过使用“疫苗”和“COVID”这两个关键词，在加拿大公共 Twitter 资料中筛选了 3915 条推文。通过内容分析法对符合纳入标准的推文（即与 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫相关的推文）进行编码。然后，将这些编码组织成主题，并通过理论领域框架进行解释。

结果

总体而言，有 605 条推文被确定为与 COVID-19 疫苗犹豫相关的推文。疫苗犹豫源于以下主题：对安全性的担忧、对推动 COVID-19 大流行或疫苗开发的政治或经济力量的怀疑、对疫苗缺乏了解、来自权威人士的反疫苗或令人困惑的信息，以及疫苗公司缺乏法律责任。本研究还考察了对医疗行业的不信任，这不是因为犹豫，而是因为医疗保健机构边缘化社区的遗留问题。这些主题被归入以下五个理论领域框架结构：知识、对后果的信念、环境背景和资源、社会影响和情绪。

结论

世界卫生组织表示，对全球健康的最大威胁之一是疫苗犹豫，因此全面了解这种不情愿的背后原因非常重要。通过使用行为科学框架，本研究通过实时分析推文中的公众言论，为 COVID-19 疫苗相关的疫苗犹豫增加了新的知识。医疗保健领导者和临床医生可以利用这些知识，制定出对犹豫不决接种疫苗的人群的担忧作出回应的公共卫生干预措施。