Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland.
Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465, Lodz, Poland; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7 /9, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
Micron. 2021 Jun;145:103062. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103062. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
The study of the impact of nanomaterials on endothelial cell elasticity with the atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) can be a significant model for assessing nanomaterials toxic effects in vitro. The mechanical properties of cells exposed to nanostructures can provide information not only about cellular nano and micro-structure, but also about cell physiology. The toxicity of nanostructures is an important issue which must be carefully considered when the optimal nanomaterial is defined. There are no universal properties characterizing such a nanomaterial, i.e. depending on the intended use, the requirements can be diverse. For example, for biomedical use a nanomaterial should not negatively affect the cells or should cause the expected therapeutic or diagnostic effects in justified cases. The present study was devoted to the effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of 4th generation on functioning of endothelial cells. Immortalized endothelial cells were exposed for 24 h to the tested nanomaterials used in concentrations reducing cellular viability to the levels of 90 % and 75 %. The innovative nature of our work is the comparison of cell elasticity performed with various AFS probes, which enabled detection of local and global elasticity alteration caused by the nanostructures. The obtained results demonstrated changes in elasticity of endothelial cell induced by the nanostructures, which were closely correlated with the level of cellular viability, forming of actin stress fibres and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Trend of changes in local and global elasticity of cells exposed to nanostructures was similar, but the magnitude of the response was dependent on the selected probe. SNPs and MWCNTs evoked cells stiffening, which was correlated with changes in production levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the cytoskeletal alteration. Softening of cells exposed to PAMAM dendrimers correlated with increased number of apoptotic cells and ROS production levels. Based on the obtained results we conclude, that the structure and the type of nanostructure (nanoparticle) is essential for their localization inside the cells and for the toxic effect on the endothelial cells.
利用原子力光谱（AFS）研究纳米材料对内皮细胞弹性的影响，可以为体外评估纳米材料的毒性效应提供一个重要模型。暴露于纳米结构的细胞的机械性能不仅可以提供有关细胞纳米和微观结构的信息，还可以提供有关细胞生理学的信息。纳米结构的毒性是一个重要问题，在定义最佳纳米材料时必须仔细考虑。没有普遍的特性可以描述这样的纳米材料，即根据预期用途，要求可能是多种多样的。例如，对于生物医学用途，纳米材料不应对细胞产生负面影响，或者在合理的情况下应引起预期的治疗或诊断效果。本研究致力于研究银纳米颗粒（SNPs）、多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）和第 4 代聚（酰胺-胺）（PAMAM）树枝状大分子对内皮细胞功能的影响。将永生化的内皮细胞暴露于测试的纳米材料中 24 小时，所用浓度将细胞活力降低至 90%和 75%。我们工作的创新性在于使用各种 AFS 探针比较细胞弹性，这使得能够检测纳米结构引起的局部和整体弹性变化。所得结果表明，纳米结构引起的内皮细胞弹性变化与细胞活力水平、肌动蛋白应力纤维的形成和活性氧（ROS）水平升高密切相关。暴露于纳米结构的细胞的局部和整体弹性变化趋势相似，但响应的幅度取决于所选探针。SNPs 和 MWCNTs 引起细胞变硬，这与 ROS 产生水平和细胞骨架改变有关。暴露于 PAMAM 树枝状大分子的细胞变软与凋亡细胞数量增加和 ROS 产生水平升高有关。基于所得结果，我们得出结论，纳米结构的结构和类型对于其在细胞内的定位和对内皮细胞的毒性效应至关重要。
