Hawai'i Pacific University, Center for Marine Debris Research, Waimānalo, HI, USA.
Golden Honu Services of Oceania, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jun 15;279:116875. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116875. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are global, persistent, and toxic contaminants. We assessed PFAS concentrations in green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles from the North Pacific. Fifteen compounds were quantified via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry from 62 green turtle and 6 hawksbill plasma samples from Hawai'i, Palmyra Atoll, and the Northern Marianas Islands. Plasma from 14 green turtles severely afflicted with fibropapillomatosis, and eggs from 12 Hawaiian hawksbill nests from 7 females were analyzed. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) predominated in green turtle plasma; perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) predominated in hawksbill tissues. Concentrations were greater in hawksbill than green turtle plasma (p < 0.05), related to trophic differences. Green turtle plasma PFOS concentrations were related to human populations from highest to lowest: Hawai'i, Marianas, Palmyra. Influence on fibropapillomatosis was not evident. PFASs were maternally transferred to hawksbill eggs, with decreasing concentrations with distance from airports and with clutch order from one female. A risk assessment of PFOS showed concern for immunosuppression in Kailua green turtles and alarming concern for hawksbill developmental toxicity. Perfluoroundecanoic (PFUnA) and perfluorotridecanoic (PFTriA) acid levels were correlated with reduced emergence success (p < 0.05). Studies to further examine PFAS effects on sea turtle development would be beneficial.
全氟烷基物质（PFASs）是全球性的、持久性的、有毒的污染物。我们评估了北太平洋绿海龟（Chelonia mydas）和玳瑁（Eretmochelys imbricata）体内的 PFAS 浓度。通过液相色谱串联质谱法从夏威夷、巴尔米拉环礁和北马里亚纳群岛的 62 个绿海龟和 6 个玳瑁的血浆样本中定量了 15 种化合物。分析了 14 只患有严重纤维瘤病的绿海龟和 12 个来自 7 只雌鸟的夏威夷玳瑁巢的卵。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）在绿海龟血浆中占优势；全氟壬酸（PFNA）在玳瑁组织中占优势。由于营养差异，玳瑁血浆中的浓度高于绿海龟（p<0.05）。绿海龟血浆中的 PFOS 浓度与人口密度呈正相关，从高到低依次为：夏威夷、马里亚纳群岛、巴尔米拉环礁。对纤维瘤病的影响不明显。PFASs 可通过母体转移到玳瑁卵中，随着与机场的距离增加和来自同一雌鸟的卵的产卵顺序减少，浓度逐渐降低。PFOS 的风险评估显示，对卡伊鲁阿绿海龟的免疫抑制存在担忧，对玳瑁的发育毒性存在令人震惊的担忧。全氟十一酸（PFUnA）和全氟十三酸（PFTriA）的水平与孵化成功率降低相关（p<0.05）。进一步研究 PFAS 对海龟发育的影响的研究将是有益的。
