Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council - Argentina (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Córdoba, Argentina.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2021 May 16;346:109161. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109161. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a very important fungal disease that affects small grain cereals worldwide. This disease not only causes yield loses but also crops contamination with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV). Species within the Fusarium graminearum species complex have been described as the main causal agents of this disease, however lately there have been few reports of Fusarium cerealis causing the disease in wheat and barley in different parts of the world. This study evaluated the aggressiveness of F. cerealis to durum wheat cultivars and also mycotoxin production in planta. Moreover, the mycotoxin profile of F. cerealis strains was characterized molecularly and chemically. All durum wheat cultivars showed typical FHB symptoms but the disease severity varied among them in levels up to 66%. In addition, seventeen different compounds were detected in the infected heads including DON, NIV and nivalenol-3-β-d-glucose (NIV3G). NIV was detected in all cultivars and was the most produced mycotoxin with levels ranging from 1.04 to 6.8 mg/kg. On the other hand, the molecular analysis of F. cerealis strains showed that all of them possessed NIV genotype while the chemical assessment showed that the strains were able to produce not only this toxin in vitro but also DON, zearalenone and other twenty-one secondary metabolites. The increasing incidence of F. cerealis and the possible contamination of crops with the mycotoxins that it produces are of great concern for food security and world cereal trade since it has been reported that NIV is more toxic for humans and animals than DON.
镰刀菌穗腐病（FHB）是一种非常重要的真菌病害，影响着全球的小粒谷物。这种病害不仅会导致产量损失，还会导致作物受到真菌毒素的污染，如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）。在镰刀菌禾谷种复合体中，已被描述为该病害的主要致病因子，但最近有报道称，在世界不同地区，禾谷镰刀菌也会引起小麦和大麦的病害。本研究评估了禾谷镰刀菌对硬粒小麦品种的侵袭性，以及其在植物体内产生真菌毒素的情况。此外，还对禾谷镰刀菌菌株的真菌毒素谱进行了分子和化学特征分析。所有硬粒小麦品种都表现出典型的 FHB 症状，但病害严重程度在品种间差异高达 66%。此外，在受感染的穗部还检测到了十七种不同的化合物，包括 DON、NIV 和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-β-D-葡萄糖（NIV3G）。所有品种均检测到 NIV，且是产量最高的真菌毒素，含量范围为 1.04 至 6.8mg/kg。另一方面，禾谷镰刀菌菌株的分子分析表明，它们都具有 NIV 基因型，而化学评估表明，这些菌株不仅能够在体外产生这种毒素，还能够产生 DON、玉米赤霉烯酮和其他二十一种次生代谢物。禾谷镰刀菌的发病率不断增加，以及它可能产生的真菌毒素对作物的污染，对食品安全和世界谷物贸易构成了极大的关注，因为据报道，NIV 对人类和动物的毒性比 DON 更强。
