Interleukin-17A: Possible mediator and therapeutic target in hypertension.

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by cells of the immune system, predominantly Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes. In this paper, we review the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of hypertension and target organ damage. Studies in mice have shown that IL-17A increases blood pressure, probably by acting on multiple levels. Furthermore, IL-17A plasma concentrations are already elevated in patients with mild or moderate hypertension. Preclinical studies on arterial hypertension have detected IL-17A-producing cells in target organs such as the heart, vessels and kidneys. Patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis show kidney infiltration by Th17 lymphocytes and γδ lymphocytes that express IL-17A. In addition, in experimental models of hypertension, blocking IL-17A by genetic strategies, or using neutralising antibodies, lowers blood pressure by acting on the vascular wall and tubule sodium transport and reduces damage to target organs. As a whole, the data presented in this review suggest that IL-17A participates in the regulation of blood pressure and in the genesis and maintenance of arterial hypertension, and may constitute a therapeutic target in the future.