Chapman R S, Mumford J L, Harris D B, He Z Z, Jiang W Z, Yang R D
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Arch Environ Health. 1988 Mar-Apr;43(2):180-5. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1988.9935850.
In Xuan Wei, a rural Chinese county of about one million people, females' annual lung cancer mortality is China's highest, and males' is among China's highest. Xuan Wei's very high indoor air pollution levels (sometimes exceeding 20 mg/m3), residentially stable population, relatively uncomplicated lifestyle, and wide geographic variation in lung cancer mortality render it highly amenable to quantitative, interdisciplinary investigation of chemical carcinogens due to indoor air pollution. To date, epidemiologic findings reveal a closer association of lung cancer with the indoor burning of "smoky" coal (as opposed to "smokeless" coal or wood) than with tobacco use or occupation. Current aerometric, chemical, and toxicologic findings tend to confirm this association, though the specific carcinogenic constituents of Xuan Wei indoor air pollution have not yet been determined. Chinese and American investigators are conducting interdisciplinary field and laboratory investigations to quantify the lung cancer risk attendant on indoor air pollution relative to other factors, to measure and compare the characteristics of pollution from different Xuan Wei fuels, to determine the relative etiologic importance of pollution composition and concentration, and to develop quantitative relationships between air pollution dose and lung cancer risk.
在宣威这个拥有约一百万人口的中国农村县，女性的肺癌年死亡率是中国最高的，男性的肺癌年死亡率也位居中国前列。宣威室内空气污染水平极高（有时超过20毫克/立方米），人口居住稳定，生活方式相对简单，且肺癌死亡率存在广泛的地理差异，这使得它非常适合对室内空气污染导致的化学致癌物进行定量的跨学科研究。迄今为止，流行病学研究结果显示，与吸烟或职业相比，肺癌与室内燃烧“冒烟”煤（与“无烟”煤或木材相对）的关联更为密切。目前的空气测量、化学和毒理学研究结果倾向于证实这种关联，尽管宣威室内空气污染的具体致癌成分尚未确定。中美两国的研究人员正在开展跨学科的现场和实验室研究，以量化相对于其他因素而言室内空气污染带来的肺癌风险，测量和比较宣威不同燃料产生的污染特征，确定污染成分和浓度在病因学上的相对重要性，并建立空气污染剂量与肺癌风险之间的定量关系。
