Smolak Erin, de Anda Stephanie, Enriquez Bianka, Poulin-Dubois Diane, Friend Margaret
San Diego State University & University of California, San Diego.
University of Oregon.
Biling (Camb Engl). 2020 May;23(3):500-518. doi: 10.1017/S1366728919000257. Epub 2019 May 16.
Although there is a body of work investigating code-switching (alternation between two languages in production) in the preschool period, it largely relies on case studies or very small samples. The current work seeks to extend extant research by exploring the development of code-switching longitudinally from 31 to 39 months of age in two distinct groups of bilingual children: Spanish-English children in San Diego and French-English children in Montréal. In two studies, consistent with previous research, children code-switched more often between than within utterances and code-switched more content than function words. Additionally, children code-switched more from Spanish or French to English than the reverse. Importantly, the factors driving the rate of code-switching differed across samples such that exposure was the most important predictor of code-switching in Spanish-English children whereas proficiency was the more important predictor in French-English children.
尽管有大量研究探讨了学龄前儿童的语码转换（即说话时在两种语言之间交替使用），但这些研究大多依赖于案例研究或非常小的样本。当前的研究旨在通过对两组不同的双语儿童从31个月到39个月进行纵向探索，来扩展现有研究：圣地亚哥的西班牙语 - 英语儿童和蒙特利尔的法语 - 英语儿童。在两项研究中，与之前的研究一致，儿童在话语之间而不是话语内部进行语码转换的频率更高，并且语码转换的实词比功能词更多。此外，儿童从西班牙语或法语转换为英语的频率高于反向转换。重要的是，驱动语码转换率的因素在不同样本中有所不同，对于西班牙语 - 英语儿童来说，接触程度是语码转换的最重要预测因素，而对于法语 - 英语儿童来说，熟练程度是更重要的预测因素。
