Salgado Filipe Schitini, Cunha Marina Souza, Melo Silvana, Dergam Jorge Abdala
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Centro, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Centro, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Comp Cytogenet. 2021 Mar 10;15(1):65-76. doi: 10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i1.61957. eCollection 2021.
Recent phylogenetic hypotheses within Anostomidae, based on morphological and molecular data, resulted in the description of new genera ( Ramirez, Birindelli et Galetti, 2017) and the synonymization of others, such as the reallocation of Steindachner, 1875 and Eigenmann, 1907 to Borodin, 1929. Despite high levels of conservatism of the chromosomal macrostructure in this family, species groups have been corroborated using banding patterns and the presence of different sex chromosome systems. Due to the absence of cytogenetic studies in (Steindachner, 1875) and (Eigenmann, 1907), the goal of this study was to characterize their karyotypes and investigate the presence/absence of sex chromosome systems using different repetitive DNA probes. Cytogenetic techniques included: Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR banding and FISH using 18S and 5S rDNA probes, as well as microsatellite probes (CA) and (GA). Both species had 2n = 54, absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes, one chromosome pair bearing Ag-NOR, 18S and 5S rDNA regions. The (CA) and (GA) probes marked mainly the subtelomeric regions of all chromosomes and were useful as species-specific chromosomal markers. Our results underline that chromosomal macrostructure is congruent with higher systematic arrangements in Anostomidae, while microsatellite probes are informative about autapomorphic differences between species.
基于形态学和分子数据的近期无齿脂鲤科系统发育假说，导致了新属的描述（拉米雷斯、比林代利和加莱蒂，2017年）以及其他属的同义化，例如将施泰因达赫纳1875年和 Eigenmann 1907年的分类重新归为博罗丁1929年的分类。尽管该科染色体宏观结构具有高度保守性，但利用带型模式和不同性染色体系统的存在已证实了物种组。由于缺乏对（施泰因达赫纳，1875年）和（Eigenmann，1907年）的细胞遗传学研究，本研究的目的是对它们的核型进行特征描述，并使用不同的重复DNA探针研究性染色体系统的存在与否。细胞遗传学技术包括：吉姆萨染色、银染核仁组织区带型分析以及使用18S和5S rDNA探针以及微卫星探针（CA）和（GA）的荧光原位杂交。两个物种均有2n = 54，不存在异型性染色体，一对染色体带有银染核仁组织区、18S和5S rDNA区域。（CA）和（GA）探针主要标记所有染色体的亚端粒区域，可用作物种特异性染色体标记。我们的结果强调，染色体宏观结构与无齿脂鲤科中更高层次的系统排列一致，而微卫星探针对于物种间的自近裔差异具有信息价值。
