Zou Yin, Fu Qiao-Mei, Xu Xian-Yin
Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China. E-mail:
Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2020 Dec;29(6):632-637.
To investigate the relationships among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form in paediatric patients with Class Ⅰ, Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ malocclusion.
Data of 112 children with malocclusion in the Department of Stomatology, Wuxi Children's Hospital from December 2015 to December 2018 were collected. The children were divided into three groups according to Angle's classification: Class Ⅰ (n=42), Class Ⅱ (n=38) and Class Ⅲ (n=32). Tongue volume was evaluated by oral B-ultrasound, the hyoid position was obtained by lateral cephalogram, then the airway volume and maxillofacial form were evaluated by cone-beam CT (CBCT). Relationship among tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form were analyzed. The data were processed by SPSS 20.0 software package.
The tongue volume of Class III was significantly larger than that of Class I and Class II (P<0.05); H-FH and H-MP of Class II were significantly larger than those of Class I and Class III, and H-VL was significantly smaller than that of Class I and Class III (P<0.05). H-FH and H-MP of Class III were significantly smaller than those of Class I, and H-S was significantly larger than that of Class I (P<0.05); V throat of three types was the largest in Class Ⅲ, followed by Class I and Class Ⅱ, with significant difference (P<0.05). V nose of three types was the largest in Class Ⅱ, followed by Class I and Class Ⅲ, with significant difference (P<0.05). SNB angle of three types was the largest in Class Ⅲ, followed by Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ, with significant difference (P<0.05). ANB angle was the largest in Class I, followed by Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ, with significant difference (P<0.05). Tongue volume was positively correlated with V throat, V nose, and SNB, and negatively correlated with H-FH and ANB (P<0.05). H-FH and H-MP were negatively correlated with SNB angle and positively correlated with H-MP and ANB angle (P<0.05).
Children with Class Ⅲ malocclusion have larger tongue volume, upward displacement of hyoid, and smaller nasopharyngeal volume. Children with Class II malocclusion have small tongue volume, downward displacement of hyoid, and small oropharyngeal volume. Tongue volume, hyoid position, airway volume and maxillofacial form are significantly correlated in paediatric patients with malocclusions, the influence of mandibular recession on the shape of upper airway should be considered during orthodontic treatment, in order to achieve the best aesthetic and therapeutic effects.
探讨Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类错牙合畸形儿童的舌体积、舌骨位置、气道容积与颌面部形态之间的关系。
收集2015年12月至2018年12月无锡市儿童医院口腔科112例错牙合畸形患儿的数据。根据安氏分类将患儿分为三组：Ⅰ类（n = 42）、Ⅱ类（n = 38）和Ⅲ类（n = 32）。通过口腔B超评估舌体积，通过头颅侧位片获得舌骨位置，然后通过锥形束CT（CBCT）评估气道容积和颌面部形态。分析舌体积、舌骨位置、气道容积与颌面部形态之间的关系。数据采用SPSS 20.0软件包进行处理。
Ⅲ类错牙合畸形患儿的舌体积显著大于Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类（P < 0.05）；Ⅱ类错牙合畸形患儿的H - FH和H - MP显著大于Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类，H - VL显著小于Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类（P < 0.05）。Ⅲ类错牙合畸形患儿的H - FH和H - MP显著小于Ⅰ类，H - S显著大于Ⅰ类（P < 0.05）；三种类型的V咽喉在Ⅲ类中最大，其次是Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。三种类型的V鼻在Ⅱ类中最大，其次是Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。三种类型的SNB角在Ⅲ类中最大，其次是Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ANB角在Ⅰ类中最大，其次是Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。舌体积与V咽喉、V鼻和SNB呈正相关，与H - FH和ANB呈负相关（P < 0.05）。H - FH和H - MP与SNB角呈负相关，与H - MP和ANB角呈正相关（P < 0.05）。
Ⅲ类错牙合畸形儿童舌体积较大，舌骨向上移位，鼻咽部容积较小。Ⅱ类错牙合畸形儿童舌体积较小，舌骨向下移位，口咽部容积较小。错牙合畸形儿童的舌体积、舌骨位置、气道容积与颌面部形态显著相关，正畸治疗时应考虑下颌后缩对上气道形态的影响，以达到最佳的美观和治疗效果。
