Foliar Photodegradation in Pesticide Fate Modeling: Development and Evaluation of the Pesticide Dissipation from Agricultural Land (PeDAL) Model.

Pesticide dissipation from plant surfaces depends on a variety of factors including meteorological conditions, the pesticide's physicochemical properties, and plant characteristics. Models already exist for describing pesticide behavior in agriculture fields; however, they do not account for pesticide-specific, condition-specific foliar photodegradation and the importance of this component in such models has not yet been investigated. We describe here the Pesticide Dissipation from Agricultural Land (PeDAL) model, which combines (a) multiphase partitioning to predict volatilization, (b) a new kinetics module for predicting photodegradation on leaf surfaces under varying light conditions based on location and timing, and (c) a generic foliar penetration component. The PeDAL model was evaluated by comparing measured pesticide dissipation rates from field experiments, described as the time for the pesticide concentration on leaves to decrease by half (DT), to ones generated by the model when using the reported field conditions. A sensitivity analysis of the newly developed foliar photodegradation component was conducted. We also showed how the PeDAL could be used by applicators and regulatory agencies. First, we used the model to examine how pesticide application timing affects dissipation rates. Second, we demonstrated how the model can be used to produce emission flux values for use in atmospheric dispersion and transport models.