Department of Psychology, University of Akron.
Emotion. 2021 Aug;21(5):951-961. doi: 10.1037/emo0000980. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Nostalgia, the fond remembrance of one's past, is a common experience hypothesized to increase across the life span. Yet data on the specific features of nostalgia, such as daily frequency and associated affect, are scarce. This study sought to address this limitation by assessing the daily experience of nostalgia using experience-sampling methods. A life-span sample of 108 participants (47 young, 31 middle-aged, and 30 older adults) completed a 2-week, twice-daily experience-sampling study that yielded data describing the frequency and emotions of everyday nostalgia. Multilevel logistic regression analyses supported increased nostalgia frequency at every life stage: Young adults were 60% less likely to report nostalgia compared with middle-aged adults (odds ratio [OR] = .40), whereas older adults were 3 times more likely than middle-aged adults to report nostalgia (OR = 3.05). Additionally, the experience of nostalgia was associated with significant heterogeneity in positive and negative affect. Approximately 72% of participants experienced an increase in positive affect, and 51% experienced an increase in negative affect. For young and middle-aged adults, a change in positive affect was associated with a 2-times-larger increase in nostalgia likelihood, whereas a change in negative affect was more strongly associated with a nostalgia experience in older adults. The current study provides increased evidence for the affectively mixed nature of nostalgia and how the affective pattern differs for adults of different ages. Greater nostalgia frequency may be instrumental during life review when individuals make meaning of their lives, fulfilling developmental goals of late adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
怀旧，即对过去的美好回忆，是一种被假设会随着生命周期而增加的常见体验。然而，关于怀旧的具体特征的数据，如日常频率和相关情感，却很少。本研究通过使用经验抽样法来评估怀旧的日常体验，以此来解决这一局限性。一个跨生命周期的样本包括 108 名参与者（47 名年轻人、31 名中年人、30 名老年人），他们完成了为期两周、每天两次的经验抽样研究，该研究提供了描述日常怀旧频率和情感的数据。多层次逻辑回归分析支持在每个生命阶段都有更高的怀旧频率：与中年人相比，年轻人报告怀旧的可能性低 60%（优势比 [OR] =.40），而老年人报告怀旧的可能性是中年人的 3 倍（OR = 3.05）。此外，怀旧的体验与积极和消极情绪的显著异质性有关。大约 72%的参与者体验到积极情绪的增加，而 51%的参与者体验到消极情绪的增加。对于年轻和中年成年人来说，积极情绪的变化与怀旧可能性增加两倍有关，而消极情绪的变化与老年人的怀旧体验更密切相关。本研究为怀旧的情感混合性质以及不同年龄的成年人的情感模式如何不同提供了更多证据。在个人对生活进行反思、实现成年后期发展目标时，更高的怀旧频率可能是有帮助的。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
