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Psychoanal Rev. 2020 Dec;107(6):517-530. doi: 10.1521/prev.2020.107.6.517.
The potential for psychological transformation is fundamental to psychoanalytic theory and therapy and to Jewish belief and practice. While Freud's rejection of religious experience as a manifestation of personal and cultural pathology had a long-reaching effect in the history of psychoanalysis, the theoretical extensions and advances of some of his followers have made it possible to view religious experience through a different lens. The author explores the convergence of Jewish ideas about the process of repentance () and the integration of psychic polarities conceptualized in the psychoanalytic literature, namely, love and hate in the shift from the paranoid-schizoid to the depressive position (Klein) and separation and reunion in the establishment of the self and the development of sublimation (Loewald).
心理转变的可能性是精神分析理论和治疗以及犹太信仰和实践的基础。虽然弗洛伊德拒绝将宗教经验视为个人和文化病理学的表现，但他的观点在精神分析学史中产生了深远的影响，他的一些追随者的理论扩展和进步使得通过不同的视角来看待宗教经验成为可能。作者探讨了犹太关于悔改过程的思想与精神分析文献中概念化的心理对立的融合，即从偏执分裂期到抑郁位（克莱因）的爱与恨的转变，以及自我建立和升华发展过程中的分离与团聚（洛伊沃尔德）。
