Fb Gesellschaftswissenschaften, Institut für Soziologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/M., Frankfurt/M., Germany.
Sigmund-Freud-Institut Frankfurt/M., Forschungsinstitut für Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen, Frankfurt/M., Germany.
Int J Psychoanal. 2020 Aug;101(4):740-756. doi: 10.1080/00207578.2020.1780734.
This paper provides a historical overview of the reception of the superego concept in sociology and psychoanalytic social psychology. Central to the discussion are the ways in which classical and contemporary approaches (e.g. Parsons, Elias, Bourdieu) have responded to Freud's theories concerning the genesis of the superego and its changes in the course of psychic development, to his suppositions concerning anthropology and psychopathology, and to later psychoanalytic extensions of the concept (e.g. Klein, Erikson and Loewald). With reference to Freud's works of cultural critique, special emphasis is given to conceptions of the superego in studies on authoritarianism, adaptation and morality, notably by the Frankfurt School (Fromm, Horkheimer, Adorno). The authors also discuss the historical changes undergone by the superego concept and examine by way of examples the benefits of concept for achieving a clearer understanding of recent societal trends associated with contemporary phenomena such as digitization and optimization.
本文对社会学和精神分析社会心理学中对超我概念的接受进行了历史概述。讨论的核心是古典和当代方法（例如帕森斯、埃利亚斯、布迪厄）如何回应弗洛伊德关于超我的起源及其在心理发展过程中的变化的理论、他关于人类学和精神病理学的假设，以及后来对该概念的精神分析扩展（例如克莱因、埃里克森和洛伊 ）。参考弗洛伊德的文化批判作品，特别强调了法兰克福学派（弗洛姆、霍克海默、阿多诺）等对权威主义、适应和道德的研究中的超我观念。作者还讨论了超我概念所经历的历史变化，并通过示例探讨了该概念对于更清楚地理解与数字化和优化等当代现象相关的最近社会趋势的益处。
