Department of Psychology, Institute for the Reduction of Youth Violence, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Dev Psychopathol. 2022 Oct;34(4):1313-1328. doi: 10.1017/S0954579420002254. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Violence exposure during childhood and adolescence is associated with a range of negative psychosocial outcomes. Research examining the impact of violence exposure has been limited by the compartmentalization into separate bodies of research (e.g., community violence, domestic violence). There is also a paucity of research examining long-term adult outcomes. Using a large and racially diverse sample ( = 754; male = 58%; Black = 46%), the current longitudinal study aimed to elucidate the comparative and cumulative effect of different types of violence exposure (witnessing vs. victimization) across different locations (home, school, neighborhood) in childhood and adolescence (lifetime through Grade 8) on long-term internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems; substance use; and intimate partner violence in adulthood (age 25). Victimization, but not witnessing violence, predicted all five adult outcomes. Specifically, being victimized at home was associated with the widest range of negative outcomes (internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems), while school victimization was associated with substance use. Further, when youth experienced multiple types of violence across multiple locations (cumulative violence exposure), they experienced a more diverse range of negative outcomes in adulthood (composite score). The current study highlights the stronger effects of violence exposure in more proximal contexts, and how these locations are important for emotional and behavioral development.
童年和青少年时期的暴力暴露与一系列负面的社会心理后果有关。研究表明，暴力暴露的影响受到了限制，因为研究是分开进行的（例如，社区暴力、家庭暴力）。此外，研究长期成人后果的研究也很少。本纵向研究使用了一个大型的、种族多样化的样本（= 754；男性= 58%；黑人= 46%），旨在阐明不同类型的暴力暴露（目击与受害）在童年和青少年时期（一生至八年级）不同地点（家庭、学校、社区）对长期内化、外化和注意力问题、物质使用和成年期（25 岁）亲密伴侣暴力的比较和累积影响。受害，而不是目击暴力，预测了所有五个成人结果。具体来说，在家中受害与最广泛的负面后果（内化、外化和注意力问题）有关，而在学校受害与物质使用有关。此外，当年轻人在多个地点经历多种类型的暴力（累积暴力暴露）时，他们在成年期会经历更多种类的负面后果（综合得分）。本研究强调了更接近的环境中暴力暴露的更强影响，以及这些地点对情感和行为发展的重要性。
