Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Brigham and Women's, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences and Florey Institutes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Neurotherapeutics. 2021 Apr;18(2):709-727. doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01026-5. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Observing Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological changes in vivo with neuroimaging provides invaluable opportunities to understand and predict the course of disease. Neuroimaging AD biomarkers also allow for real-time tracking of disease-modifying treatment in clinical trials. With recent neuroimaging advances, along with the burgeoning availability of longitudinal neuroimaging data and big-data harmonization approaches, a more comprehensive evaluation of the disease has shed light on the topographical staging and temporal sequencing of the disease. Multimodal imaging approaches have also promoted the development of data-driven models of AD-associated pathological propagation of tau proteinopathies. Studies of autosomal dominant, early sporadic, and late sporadic courses of the disease have shed unique insights into the AD pathological cascade, particularly with regard to genetic vulnerabilities and the identification of potential drug targets. Further, neuroimaging markers of b-amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration have provided a powerful tool for validation of novel fluid cerebrospinal and plasma markers. This review highlights some of the latest advances in the field of human neuroimaging in AD across these topics, particularly with respect to positron emission tomography and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
观察阿尔茨海默病（AD）的体内神经影像学变化为了解和预测疾病进程提供了宝贵的机会。神经影像学 AD 生物标志物也允许在临床试验中实时跟踪疾病修饰治疗。随着最近神经影像学的进步，以及纵向神经影像学数据和大数据协调方法的涌现，对疾病的更全面评估揭示了疾病的拓扑分期和时间序列。多模态成像方法也促进了 AD 相关tau 蛋白病病理传播的基于数据的模型的发展。对常染色体显性遗传、早期散发性和晚期散发性疾病的研究为 AD 病理级联提供了独特的见解，特别是在遗传脆弱性和潜在药物靶点的识别方面。此外，β-淀粉样蛋白、tau 和神经退行性变的神经影像学标志物为新型脑脊液和血浆标志物的验证提供了强大的工具。本综述强调了 AD 领域在这些主题中的一些最新进展，特别是正电子发射断层扫描和结构与功能磁共振成像。
