Kichloo Asim, Albosta Michael, Aljadah Michael, El-Amir Zain, Goldar Ghazaleh, Khan Muhammed Zatmar, Dahiya Dushyant Singh, Vallabhaneni Srilakshmi, Wani Farah, Singh Jagmeet
Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, MI, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
SAGE Open Med. 2021 Mar 9;9:20503121211000909. doi: 10.1177/20503121211000909. eCollection 2021.
Marijuana use is on the rise in the United States. By the end of 2019, 33 states have legalized marijuana use and marijuana byproduct use for medical purposes. However, marijuana use does not come without side effects. This manuscript reviews the increasing usage of marijuana and the different forms (natural and synthetic) that patients may use when presenting to clinicians. It also addresses the biochemical and behavioral changes observed with marijuana use, including the location and changes associated with cannabinoid receptors (abbreviated CB1 and CB2). These two topics lead into an extensive review of the side effects of marijuana use. This manuscript discusses gastrointestinal side-effects, such as Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome, pancreatitis, and hepatotoxicity. It also briefly reviews cardiovascular, neurologic, and pulmonary side effects. This article provides an overview of therapeutic effects of marijuana including the antiemetic effect, its medical utility as an appetite stimulant, and usefulness in cancer patients post-chemotherapy. A thorough social history pertaining to marijuana use is an important consideration for clinicians in patients presenting with a variety of symptoms, including those effecting the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neurologic systems.
在美国，大麻的使用呈上升趋势。截至2019年底，33个州已将医用大麻及其副产品的使用合法化。然而，使用大麻并非没有副作用。本文综述了大麻使用的增加情况以及患者在就诊时可能使用的不同形式（天然和合成）。它还阐述了使用大麻时观察到的生化和行为变化，包括与大麻素受体（缩写为CB1和CB2）相关的位置和变化。这两个主题引出了对大麻使用副作用的广泛综述。本文讨论了胃肠道副作用，如大麻素呕吐综合征、胰腺炎和肝毒性。它还简要回顾了心血管、神经和肺部副作用。本文概述了大麻的治疗作用，包括止吐作用、作为食欲刺激剂的医学效用以及对化疗后癌症患者的有用性。对于出现各种症状（包括影响胃肠道、心血管、肺部或神经系统的症状）的患者，临床医生充分了解其大麻使用的社会史是一项重要的考量因素。
