Department of Psychology, 1555University of Bath, UK; Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, UK.
Department of Psychology, 1555University of Bath, UK; Department of Computer Science, Centre for Real and Virtual Environments Augmentation Labs, University of Bath, UK.
Perception. 2021 May;50(5):399-417. doi: 10.1177/03010066211005327. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
Discomfort provoked by normally innocuous visual stimuli has been reported by people with chronic pain. Visual discomfort may be higher in pain conditions in which central sensitization is implicated, such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and fibromyalgia. In an online study, we validated the Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale (L-VISS) and Visual Discomfort Scale (VDS) in people with CRPS (=57), fibromyalgia (=75), and general chronic pain (=53); investigated whether these groups and pain-free controls (=125) differed in visual discomfort; and evaluated the effect of age. The L-VISS and VDS had good internal consistency. Both scales were positively related with experimentally induced visual distortions for mid-spatial frequency striped patterns, suggesting good construct validity. The scales were positively related with each other, and dissociated between the pain and pain-free groups in similar ways, suggesting good construct validity. There was no relationship between age and L-VISS scores and a small negative relationship between age and VDS scores. Visual discomfort was highest in the fibromyalgia group, followed by the CRPS group. This research confirms the utility of the L-VISS and VDS for measuring visual sensitivity in chronic pain and adds to evidence that central sensitization is an important mechanism of visual discomfort.
慢性疼痛患者会报告正常无害的视觉刺激引起的不适。在牵涉中枢敏化的疼痛情况下，如复杂性区域疼痛综合征 (CRPS) 和纤维肌痛，视觉不适可能更高。在一项在线研究中，我们在 CRPS 患者 (=57)、纤维肌痛患者 (=75)和一般慢性疼痛患者 (=53)中验证了莱顿视觉敏感性量表 (L-VISS) 和视觉不适量表 (VDS)；调查了这些组和无疼痛对照组 (=125) 在视觉不适方面是否存在差异；并评估了年龄的影响。L-VISS 和 VDS 具有良好的内部一致性。这两个量表都与中间空间频率条纹图案的实验诱导的视觉扭曲呈正相关，表明具有良好的结构效度。这些量表彼此呈正相关，并且在疼痛和无疼痛组之间以相似的方式分离，表明具有良好的结构效度。L-VISS 评分与年龄之间没有关系，而 VDS 评分与年龄之间存在较小的负相关。纤维肌痛组的视觉不适最高，其次是 CRPS 组。这项研究证实了 L-VISS 和 VDS 用于测量慢性疼痛中的视觉敏感性的有效性，并为中枢敏化是视觉不适的重要机制提供了更多证据。
