Zhang Yuan, Chen Xiaohang, Zhou Zilan, Hao Yujia, Li Huifei, Cheng Yongfeng, Ren Xiuyun, Wang Xing
Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2021 Mar 22;17:235-247. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S298147. eCollection 2021.
The extraction of impacted lower third molars (ILTM) is one of the most common procedures in oral-maxillofacial surgery. Being adjacent to lower second molars, most impacted lower third molars often lead to distal periodontal defects of adjacent second molars. Several symptoms may occur after extraction, such as periodontal pocket formation, loss of attachment, alveolar bone loss and even looseness of second molar resulting in extraction. The distal periodontal defects of second molars are affected by many factors, including periodontal conditions, age, impacted type of third molars, and intraoperative operations. At present, several studies have suggested that dentists can reduce the risk of periodontal defects of the second molar after ILTM extraction through preoperative evaluation, reasonable selection of flap design, extraction instruments and suture type, and necessary postoperative interventions. This review summarizes the research progress on the influence factors, interventions methods and some limitations of distal periodontal defects of adjacent second molar after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars, with the aim of opening up future directions for studying effects of ILTM extraction on periodontal tissue of the adjacent second molar.
拔除下颌阻生第三磨牙（ILTM）是口腔颌面外科最常见的手术之一。由于与下颌第二磨牙相邻，大多数下颌阻生第三磨牙常导致相邻第二磨牙远中牙周缺损。拔牙后可能会出现多种症状，如牙周袋形成、附着丧失、牙槽骨吸收，甚至第二磨牙松动导致拔除。第二磨牙远中牙周缺损受多种因素影响，包括牙周状况、年龄、第三磨牙阻生类型及术中操作等。目前，多项研究表明，牙医可通过术前评估、合理选择瓣设计、拔牙器械及缝合类型以及必要的术后干预措施，降低ILTM拔除后第二磨牙牙周缺损的风险。本文综述了下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除后相邻第二磨牙远中牙周缺损的影响因素、干预方法及一些局限性的研究进展，旨在为研究ILTM拔除对相邻第二磨牙牙周组织的影响开辟未来方向。
