Yapor Janet P, Gordon Jenna L, Henderson Christina N, Reynolds Melissa M
Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
RSC Adv. 2019 Jul 16;9(38):21873-21880. doi: 10.1039/c9ra03840j. Epub 2019 Jun 15.
-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is a naturally available -nitrosothiol that can be incorporated into non-toxic formulations intended for topical use. The value of nitric oxide (NO) delivered topically relates to its well-studied physiological functions such as vasodilation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Previously reported topical NO-releasing substrates include polymeric materials that exhibit non-toxic behaviors on dermal tissue such as polyethylene glycol. However, they do not serve as humectants nor provide vitamins to the skin. In this study, GSNO was added to an emulsion that was fortified with α-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) and hyaluronic acid. The average total NO content for the NO-releasing emulsion was 58 ± 8 μmol g at 150 °C and the cumulative NO release over 53 h at physiological temperature (37.4 °C) was 46 ± 4 μmol g. The GSNO concentration in the lotion was optimized in order to reach a pH value similar to that of human skin (pH 5.5). The viscosity was analyzed using a rotational viscometer for the -nitrosated and the non-nitrosated emulsions to obtain a material that can be readily spread on dermal tissue. The viscosity values obtained ranged from 7.88 ± 0.99 to 8.50 ± 0.36 Pa•s. Previous studies have determined that the viscosity maximum for lotions is 100 Pa•s. A low viscosity increases the diffusion coefficient of active ingredients to the skin given that they are inversely proportional as described by the Einstein-Smoluchowski equation. The effect of the -nitrosated and non-nitrosated emulsions on adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) was assessed in comparison to untreated HDFs using Colorimetric Cell Viability Kit I - WST- 8. The findings indicate that neither the -nitrosated nor non-nitrosated emulsions induced cytotoxicity in HDFs.
亚硝基谷胱甘肽（GSNO）是一种天然存在的亚硝基硫醇，可被纳入用于局部应用的无毒配方中。局部递送的一氧化氮（NO）的价值与其经过充分研究的生理功能有关，如血管舒张、血管生成、细胞增殖和广谱抗菌活性。先前报道的局部释放NO的底物包括在皮肤组织上表现出无毒行为的聚合材料，如聚乙二醇。然而，它们既不能作为保湿剂，也不能为皮肤提供维生素。在本研究中，GSNO被添加到一种用醋酸α-生育酚（维生素E）和透明质酸强化的乳液中。在150°C下，释放NO的乳液的平均总NO含量为58±8μmol/g，在生理温度（37.4°C）下53小时内的累积NO释放量为46±4μmol/g。优化了乳液中GSNO的浓度，以使其pH值与人体皮肤的pH值（pH 5.5）相似。使用旋转粘度计分析了亚硝化和未亚硝化乳液的粘度，以获得一种能够容易地涂抹在皮肤组织上的材料。获得的粘度值范围为7.88±0.99至8.50±0.36 Pa•s。先前的研究已经确定乳液的最大粘度为100 Pa•s。鉴于它们如爱因斯坦-斯莫卢霍夫斯基方程所述成反比，低粘度会增加活性成分向皮肤的扩散系数。使用比色细胞活力试剂盒I - WST - 8，与未处理的成人人类皮肤成纤维细胞（HDFs）相比，评估了亚硝化和未亚硝化乳液对HDFs的影响。研究结果表明，亚硝化和未亚硝化乳液均未在HDFs中诱导细胞毒性。
