Qian Yun, Kumar Rajnish, Chug Manjyot Kaur, Massoumi Hamed, Brisbois Elizabeth J
School of Chemical, Materials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Nov 10;13(44):52250-52273. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c10964. Epub 2021 Oct 29.
As a gasotransmitter, nitric oxide (NO) regulates physiological pathways and demonstrates therapeutic effects such as vascular relaxation, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antithrombosis, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. However, gaseous NO has high reactivity and a short half-life, so NO delivery and storage are critical questions to be solved. One way is to develop stable NO donors and the other way is to enhance the delivery and storage of NO donors from biomaterials. Most of the researchers studying NO delivery and applications are using synthetic polymeric materials, and they have demonstrated significant therapeutic effects of these NO-releasing polymeric materials on cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disease, bacterial infections, etc. However, some researchers are exploring saccharide-based materials to fulfill the same tasks as their synthetic counterparts while avoiding the concerns of biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability. Saccharide-based materials are abundant in nature and are biocompatible and biodegradable, with wide applications in bioengineering, drug delivery, and therapeutic disease treatments. Saccharide-based materials have been implemented with various NO donors (like -nitrosothiols and -diazeniumdiolates) via both chemical and physical methods to deliver NO. These NO-releasing saccharide-based materials have exhibited controlled and sustained NO release and demonstrated biomedical applications in various diseases (respiratory, Crohn's, cardiovascular, etc.), skin or wound applications, antimicrobial treatment, bone regeneration, anticoagulation, as well as agricultural and food packaging. This review aims to highlight the studies in methods and progress in developing saccharide-based NO-releasing materials and investigating their potential applications in biomedical, bioengineering, and disease treatment.
作为一种气体递质，一氧化氮（NO）调节生理途径，并具有血管舒张、抗炎、抗血小板、抗血栓形成、抗菌和抗病毒等治疗作用。然而，气态NO具有高反应性和短半衰期，因此NO的递送和储存是亟待解决的关键问题。一种方法是开发稳定的NO供体，另一种方法是提高生物材料中NO供体的递送和储存能力。大多数研究NO递送和应用的研究人员都在使用合成聚合物材料，并且他们已经证明了这些释放NO的聚合物材料对心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、细菌感染等具有显著的治疗效果。然而，一些研究人员正在探索基于糖类的材料，以完成与合成材料相同的任务，同时避免生物相容性、生物降解性和可持续性方面的问题。基于糖类的材料在自然界中含量丰富，具有生物相容性和生物降解性，在生物工程、药物递送和疾病治疗中有着广泛的应用。基于糖类的材料已经通过化学和物理方法与各种NO供体（如亚硝基硫醇和二氮烯二醇盐）结合来递送NO。这些释放NO的基于糖类的材料表现出可控和持续的NO释放，并在各种疾病（呼吸系统疾病、克罗恩病、心血管疾病等）、皮肤或伤口应用、抗菌治疗、骨再生、抗凝以及农业和食品包装等方面展示了生物医学应用。本综述旨在突出基于糖类的NO释放材料的开发方法和进展的研究，以及研究它们在生物医学、生物工程和疾病治疗中的潜在应用。
