Langedijk Jacqueline A G M, Beuers Ulrich H, Oude Elferink Ronald P J
Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Research Institute Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 9;8:639674. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.639674. eCollection 2021.
Pruritus is a debilitating symptom of various cholestatic disorders, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inherited progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). The molecular mechanisms leading to cholestasis-associated pruritus are still unresolved and the involved pruritogens are indecisive. As a consequence of pruritus, patients suffer from sleep deprivation, loss of daytime concentration, auto-mutilation and sometimes even suicidal ideations. Current guideline-approved therapy of cholestasis-associated pruritus includes stepwise administration of several medications, which may alleviate complaints in some, but not all affected patients. Therefore, also experimental therapeutic approaches are required to improve patients' quality of life. This article reviews the current state of research on pruritogens and their receptors, and shortly discusses the most recent experimental therapies.
瘙痒是多种胆汁淤积性疾病的一种使人衰弱的症状，包括原发性胆汁性胆管炎（PBC）、原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）和遗传性进行性家族性肝内胆汁淤积症（PFIC）。导致胆汁淤积相关性瘙痒的分子机制仍未明确，且相关的致痒原也尚无定论。瘙痒会导致患者睡眠不足、白天注意力不集中、自残行为，有时甚至会产生自杀念头。目前指南批准的胆汁淤积相关性瘙痒治疗方法包括逐步使用多种药物，这可能会缓解部分但并非所有受影响患者的症状。因此，也需要实验性治疗方法来提高患者的生活质量。本文综述了致痒原及其受体的研究现状，并简要讨论了最新的实验性治疗方法。
