CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(31):41675-41687. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13563-9. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
The impacts of vegetation cover changes (VCCs) and land use land cover changes (LULCCs) on climate variabilities need to be addressed while maintaining healthy urban development. This study aimed to evaluate LULCCs and VCCs and their impacts on land surface temperature (LST) and rainfall in the Darbhanga district of Bihar, India. Landsat data and climate hazard group infrared precipitation with stations (CHIRPS) were used to assess LST or LULCCs and rainfall, respectively, over the study area. Results showed a decline in vegetation cover to 11.73% (26,857.43 ha) in the year 2019 from 19.12% (43,733.61 ha) in 1999. Also an increase in built-up and cropland by 4.9% (11,224.6 ha) and 4.38% (10,043.2 ha), respectively, was observed in the last 20 years. With decreasing vegetation cover in the study area, the mean LST increased while the mean annual rainfall decreased for the study period. The Mann-Kendall trend (MKT) test exhibited no significant trends for LST and rainfall with p values of 0.43 and 0.69, respectively, although Sen's slope indicated variability in LST and rainfall even though it was insignificant over the study area. The study would identify areas requiring immediate action for saving its resources and providing insight into upholding its competence. The findings would also lead to proper decision making for the concerned stakeholders, assuring sustainability in appropriate planning of land use and utilisation of resources and maintain the agroclimatic condition.
植被覆盖变化（VCCs）和土地利用/土地覆盖变化（LULCCs）对气候变率的影响需要在保持健康城市发展的同时加以解决。本研究旨在评估印度比哈尔邦达尔班加县的土地利用/土地覆盖变化和植被覆盖变化及其对地表温度（LST）和降雨量的影响。使用 Landsat 数据和气候危害组红外降水与台站（CHIRPS）分别评估研究区域的 LST 或土地利用/土地覆盖变化和降雨量。结果表明，植被覆盖从 1999 年的 19.12%（43733.61 公顷）下降到 2019 年的 11.73%（26857.43 公顷）。此外，在过去的 20 年里，建成区和耕地分别增加了 4.9%（11224.6 公顷）和 4.38%（10043.2 公顷）。由于研究区域内植被覆盖的减少，平均地表温度升高，而年平均降雨量在研究期间减少。Mann-Kendall 趋势（MKT）检验表明，LST 和降雨量均无显著趋势，p 值分别为 0.43 和 0.69，尽管 Sen 斜率表明 LST 和降雨量存在变化，但在研究区域内并不显著。该研究将确定需要立即采取行动以节约资源并了解维持其能力的区域。研究结果还将为利益相关者提供适当的决策，确保在适当的土地利用规划和资源利用中实现可持续性，并维持农业气候条件。
