工业化人类微生物组中水平基因转移率的升高。

Elevated rates of horizontal gene transfer in the industrialized human microbiome.

机构信息

Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; The Global Microbiome Conservancy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

The Global Microbiome Conservancy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

出版信息

Cell. 2021 Apr 15;184(8):2053-2067.e18. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.052

PMID:33794144

Abstract

Industrialization has impacted the human gut ecosystem, resulting in altered microbiome composition and diversity. Whether bacterial genomes may also adapt to the industrialization of their host populations remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the extent to which the rates and targets of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) vary across thousands of bacterial strains from 15 human populations spanning a range of industrialization. We show that HGTs have accumulated in the microbiome over recent host generations and that HGT occurs at high frequency within individuals. Comparison across human populations reveals that industrialized lifestyles are associated with higher HGT rates and that the functions of HGTs are related to the level of host industrialization. Our results suggest that gut bacteria continuously acquire new functionality based on host lifestyle and that high rates of HGT may be a recent development in human history linked to industrialization.

摘要

工业化已经影响了人类肠道生态系统，导致微生物组组成和多样性发生改变。细菌基因组是否也能适应宿主人群的工业化，在很大程度上仍未得到探索。在这里，我们研究了在跨越工业化程度不同的 15 个人类群体的数千个细菌菌株中，水平基因转移（HGT）的速度和目标在多大程度上存在差异。我们表明，HGT 在最近几代宿主中积累，并且 HGT 在个体内部高频发生。在不同人群之间的比较表明，工业化的生活方式与更高的 HGT 率有关，并且 HGT 的功能与宿主工业化的程度有关。我们的研究结果表明，肠道细菌会根据宿主的生活方式不断获得新的功能，而 HGT 的高速度可能是人类历史上与工业化相关的一个最近的发展。