Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, WI,United States.
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, WI,United States.
Plant Signal Behav. 2021 Jun 3;16(6):1903758. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1903758. Epub 2021 Apr 2.
sp. is a developing feedstock for second-generation biofuel production. To ensure its success as a sustainable biofuel source, it is essential to capitalize on the ability of sp. to associate with beneficial plant-associated microbes (., mycorrhizal fungi) and engineer sp. to associate with non-native symbionts (., rhizobia). Here, we review recent research into the molecular mechanisms that control ectomycorrhizal associations in sp. with particular emphasis on the discovery that ectomycorrhizal fungi produce lipochitooligosaccharides capable of activating the common symbiosis pathway. We also present new evidence that lipo-chitooligosaccharides produced by both ectomycorrhizal fungi and various species of rhizobia that do not associate with sp. can induce nuclear calcium spiking in the roots of sp. Thus, we argue sp. already possesses the molecular machinery necessary for perceiving rhizobia, and the next step in engineering symbiosis with rhizobia should be focused on inducing bacterial accommodation and nodule organogenesis. The gene is central to these processes, and several putative orthologs are present in sp. Manipulating the promoters of these genes to match that of plants in the nitrogen-fixing clade may be sufficient to introduce nodulation in sp.
sp. 是第二代生物燃料生产的新兴原料。为了确保其作为可持续生物燃料来源的成功，利用 sp. 与有益的植物相关微生物（如菌根真菌）结合的能力，并对 sp. 进行工程改造以与非本地共生体（如根瘤菌）结合是至关重要的。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于控制 sp. 与外生菌根真菌形成共生关系的分子机制的研究，特别强调了外生菌根真菌产生能够激活共同共生途径的脂寡糖的发现。我们还提出了新的证据，证明外生菌根真菌和各种不与 sp. 相关的根瘤菌产生的脂寡糖能够诱导 sp. 根中的核钙峰。因此，我们认为 sp. 已经具有感知根瘤菌所需的分子机制，与根瘤菌进行共生工程的下一步应该集中在诱导细菌适应和根瘤器官发生上。基因 是这些过程的核心，sp. 中存在几个假定的同源基因。操纵这些基因的启动子使其与固氮进化枝中的植物匹配，可能足以在 sp. 中引入结瘤。
