Tian Zhili, Liang Guohui, Cui Kunli, Liang Yayu, Wang Qun, Lv Shuangyu, Cheng Xiaoxia, Zhang Lei
Institute of Molecular Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
School of Clinical Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2021 Mar 16;12:644718. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644718. eCollection 2021.
RNA interference (RNAi), also known as gene silencing, is a biological process that prevents gene expression in certain diseases such as cancer. It can be used to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of treatments, particularly genetic therapies. However, challenges such as delivery of oligonucleotide drug to less accessible parts of the body and the high incidence of toxic side effects are encountered. It is therefore imperative to improve their delivery to target sites and reduce their harmful effects on noncancerous cells to harness their full potential. In this study, the role of RNAi in the treatment of COVID-19, the novel coronavirus disease plaguing many countries, has been discussed. This review aims to ascertain the mechanism and application of RNAi and explore the current challenges of RNAi therapy by identifying some of the cancer delivery systems and providing drug information for their improvement. It is worth mentioning that delivery systems such as lipid-based delivery systems and exosomes have revolutionized RNAi therapy by reducing their immunogenicity and improving their cellular affinity. A deeper understanding of the mechanism and challenges associated with RNAi in cancer therapy can provide new insights into RNAi drug development.
RNA干扰（RNAi），也称为基因沉默，是一种生物过程，可在某些疾病（如癌症）中阻止基因表达。它可用于提高治疗的准确性、效率和稳定性，尤其是基因治疗。然而，也遇到了一些挑战，如将寡核苷酸药物递送至身体较难到达的部位以及毒副作用发生率较高。因此，必须改善其向靶位点的递送，并减少其对非癌细胞的有害影响，以充分发挥其潜力。在本研究中，讨论了RNAi在治疗困扰许多国家的新型冠状病毒疾病——COVID-19中的作用。这篇综述旨在确定RNAi的机制和应用，并通过识别一些癌症递送系统并提供药物改进信息来探索RNAi疗法当前面临的挑战。值得一提的是，基于脂质的递送系统和外泌体等递送系统通过降低RNAi的免疫原性并提高其细胞亲和力，彻底改变了RNAi疗法。对癌症治疗中与RNAi相关的机制和挑战有更深入的了解，可以为RNAi药物开发提供新的见解。
