Mothers' habitual smartphone use, infants during breastfeeding, and mother-infant bonding: A longitudinal study.

The excessive use of digital media by breastfeeding mothers may reduce their responsiveness to their child. However, there are no longitudinal studies focusing on breastfeeding during infancy. This study aimed to examine mothers' habitual use of smartphones and their observations of their infants during breastfeeding and identifies changes in the relationship between mother's breastfeeding habits and bonding with their infants. This is a quantitative descriptive study based on a questionnaire survey conducted on the Internet. Two questionnaires were sent to and collected from Japanese mothers who were the registered members of the survey company; the first questionnaire was completed 1 to 3 months postdelivery and the second 6 months after the first (approximately 9 months after delivery). In total, 195 participants participated. Smartphone use during breastfeeding was habitual, but mothers simultaneously observed their infants. Mothers habitually used smartphones during breastfeeding shortly after giving birth; however, there was little connection to subsequent negative emotions toward their children or problems with bonding. It is necessary to continue to evaluate the behavior of the mother and child.