双相情感障碍和精神分裂症视觉工作记忆容量的跨诊断比较。
Transdiagnostic comparison of visual working memory capacity in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
作者信息
Barnes-Scheufler Catherine V, Passow Caroline, Rösler Lara, Mayer Jutta S, Oertel Viola, Kittel-Schneider Sarah, Matura Silke, Reif Andreas, Bittner Robert A
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Int J Bipolar Disord. 2021 Apr 2;9(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40345-020-00217-x.
BACKGROUND
Impaired working memory is a core cognitive deficit in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Its study might yield crucial insights into the underpinnings of both disorders on the cognitive and neurophysiological level. Visual working memory capacity is a particularly promising construct for such translational studies. However, it has not yet been investigated across the full spectrum of both disorders. The aim of our study was to compare the degree of reductions of visual working memory capacity in patients with bipolar disorder (PBD) and patients with schizophrenia (PSZ) using a paradigm well established in cognitive neuroscience.
METHODS
62 PBD, 64 PSZ, and 70 healthy controls (HC) completed a canonical visual change detection task. Participants had to encode the color of four circles and indicate after a short delay whether the color of one of the circles had changed or not. We estimated working memory capacity using Pashler's K.
RESULTS
Working memory capacity was significantly reduced in both PBD and PSZ compared to HC. We observed a small effect size (r = .202) for the difference between HC and PBD and a medium effect size (r = .370) for the difference between HC and PSZ. Working memory capacity in PSZ was also significantly reduced compared to PBD with a small effect size (r = .201). Thus, PBD showed an intermediate level of impairment.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide evidence for a gradient of reduced working memory capacity in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, with PSZ showing the strongest degree of impairment. This underscores the importance of disturbed information processing for both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Our results are compatible with the cognitive manifestation of a neurodevelopmental gradient affecting bipolar disorder to a lesser degree than schizophrenia. They also highlight the relevance of visual working memory capacity for the development of both behavior- and brain-based transdiagnostic biomarkers.
背景
工作记忆受损是双相情感障碍和精神分裂症的核心认知缺陷。对其进行研究可能会在认知和神经生理学层面为这两种疾病的发病机制带来至关重要的见解。视觉工作记忆容量对于此类转化研究而言是一个特别有前景的指标。然而，尚未在这两种疾病的整个范围内进行研究。我们研究的目的是使用认知神经科学中一个成熟的范式，比较双相情感障碍患者（PBD）和精神分裂症患者（PSZ）视觉工作记忆容量降低的程度。
方法
62名双相情感障碍患者、64名精神分裂症患者和70名健康对照者（HC）完成了一项典型的视觉变化检测任务。参与者必须对四个圆圈的颜色进行编码，并在短暂延迟后指出其中一个圆圈的颜色是否发生了变化。我们使用帕什勒的K值来估计工作记忆容量。
结果
与健康对照者相比，双相情感障碍患者和精神分裂症患者的工作记忆容量均显著降低。我们观察到健康对照者与双相情感障碍患者之间差异的效应量较小（r = 0.202），健康对照者与精神分裂症患者之间差异的效应量中等（r = 0.370）。与双相情感障碍患者相比，精神分裂症患者的工作记忆容量也显著降低，效应量较小（r = 0.201）。因此，双相情感障碍表现出中等程度的损害。
结论
这些发现为双相情感障碍和精神分裂症患者工作记忆容量降低的梯度提供了证据，精神分裂症患者的损害程度最强。这强调了信息处理障碍对双相情感障碍和精神分裂症的重要性。我们的结果与一种神经发育梯度的认知表现相符，该梯度对双相情感障碍的影响程度小于精神分裂症。它们还突出了视觉工作记忆容量对于基于行为和大脑的跨诊断生物标志物发展的相关性。
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