Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil; Federal University of Paraná, Brazil.
Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil.
Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2021 Apr;84:105344. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105344. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Dual-task paradigms allow to establish a relationship between motor and cognitive performance. The attentional resources needed to accomplish dual-tasks are influenced by age and task complexity. We investigated the dual-task costs for center of pressure displacement following manipulated motor and cognitive tasks in children, adolescents and young-adults.
Thirty children, 24 adolescents and 32 young-adults performed motor (postural stability) and cognitive (arithmetic) tasks under single and dual-task conditions. Complexity was manipulated by changing the base of support (standard, narrow, standard_on_foam, narrow_on_foam) for motor tasks and the difficulty level of cognitive tasks via serial subtraction (by 5 and by 3). Dual-task costs were calculated based on area and velocity of center of pressure.
Dual-task costs based on area during easy cognitive tasks were lower for children than young-adults. Under all the cognitive conditions, dual-task costs were lower on narrow than on standard bases of support. For all the tested bases of support, dual-task costs based on velocity were lower for more complex cognitive tasks than for easy tasks.
In children, more than in adults, dual-task demanded central adaptations which increased area of center of pressure displacement. Mechanical reasons, which might limit the increase in center of pressure displacement when dual-tasking, may explain the lower dual-task costs in narrow bases compared to standard ones. Possibly, high cognitive demands may lead the participants to prioritize the motor task to keep balance, resulting in smaller increases in center of pressure displacement velocity during dual-task when compared to easier cognitive tasks.
双任务范式可以建立运动和认知表现之间的关系。完成双任务所需的注意力资源受到年龄和任务复杂性的影响。我们研究了儿童、青少年和青年在执行操纵的运动和认知任务时，压力中心位移的双任务成本。
30 名儿童、24 名青少年和 32 名青年在单任务和双任务条件下执行运动（姿势稳定性）和认知（算术）任务。通过改变运动任务的支撑基础（标准、狭窄、标准泡沫、狭窄泡沫）和认知任务的难度级别（通过 5 和 3 连续减法）来操纵复杂性。根据压力中心的面积和速度计算双任务成本。
在简单认知任务中，儿童的双任务成本比青年低。在所有认知条件下，在狭窄基础上的双任务成本低于标准基础上的双任务成本。对于所有测试的支撑基础，基于速度的双任务成本对于更复杂的认知任务比简单任务更低。
在儿童中，双任务比成人更需要中央适应，从而增加压力中心的位移面积。机械原因可能会限制双任务时压力中心位移的增加，这可以解释在狭窄基础上双任务成本低于标准基础上的原因。可能是由于高认知需求，参与者可能会优先考虑运动任务以保持平衡，从而导致双任务时压力中心位移速度的增加小于较简单的认知任务。
