Lei Mariana Alves Caipira, Simões João
Department of Zootechnics, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 14;11(3):816. doi: 10.3390/ani11030816.
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and fat to protein content (F:P) ratio patterns in the milk of Holstein cows with postpartum diseases throughout the first five months of lactation. This prospective study was performed at Vestjyske Dyrlaeger ApS (Nørre Nebel, Denmark). The milk fat, protein, and BHB were evaluated in the Danish Eurofins laboratory according to the monthly averaged days in milk (DIM1 to 5). According to clinical records, five groups were formed: A (control group; cows without diseases; = 32), B (cows with left displaced abomasum -LDA- and concomitant diseases; = 25); C (cows with other diseases up to DIM3; = 13); D (cows with foot disorders up to DIM3; = 26); and E (cows with disease manifestations in DIM4 and DIM5; = 26). All the sick cows were treated after diagnosis, and laparoscopy was performed on cows with LDA. In group B, a higher concentration of BHB (0.18 ± 0.02 mmol/L; < 0.001) was observed than in the control group (0.07 ± 0.02 mmol/L; < 0.001) in DIM1, presenting an odds ratio (OR) = 8.9. In all groups, BHB decreased to 0.03-0.05 mmol/L ( < 0.05) since DIM3. The F:P ratio was higher in group B (1.77 ± 0.07) than in group A (1.32 ± 0.06; < 0.05) in DIM1. A similar profile is observed in DIM2. It was observed that animals in group B were four to six times more likely to have a F:P ratio ≥1.29 during DIM1 (OR = 4.0; 95% CI:1.3-14.4; = 0.01) and DIM2 (OR = 5.9; 95% CI %:1.9-21.9; < 0.01), than cows in group A. There were also moderate and high correlations between the F:P ratio and the BHB for DIM1 (r = 0.57; r = 0.33; RSD = 0.09; < 0.001) and DIM2 (r = 0.78; r = 0.60; RSD = 0.07; < 0.001), respectively. We concluded that animals affected by LDA in the postpartum period have a higher concentration of BHB in milk in DIM1 and all treated animals quickly recover BHB levels up to DIM3. The F:P ratio is a viable and economic indicator, mainly in DIM1 and DIM2, to estimate BHB concentration and energy balance in cows with LDA and other postpartum diseases.
本研究的主要目的是评估荷斯坦奶牛在泌乳前五个月患产后疾病时，其牛奶中β-羟基丁酸（BHB）和脂肪与蛋白质含量（F:P）比的模式。这项前瞻性研究在Vestjyske Dyrlaeger ApS（丹麦诺勒内贝尔）进行。根据每月平均泌乳天数（DIM1至5），在丹麦欧陆芬斯实验室对牛奶中的脂肪、蛋白质和BHB进行评估。根据临床记录，分为五组：A组（对照组；无疾病的奶牛；n = 32），B组（患左方变位真胃 -LDA- 及并发疾病的奶牛；n = 25）；C组（在DIM3之前患其他疾病的奶牛；n = 13）；D组（在DIM3之前患足部疾病的奶牛；n = 26）；E组（在DIM4和DIM5出现疾病表现的奶牛；n = 26）。所有患病奶牛确诊后均接受治疗，对患LDA的奶牛进行了腹腔镜检查。在B组中，DIM1时观察到BHB浓度（0.18±0.02 mmol/L；P < 0.001）高于对照组（0.07±0.02 mmol/L；P < 0.001），优势比（OR） = 8.9。自DIM3起，所有组的BHB均降至0.03 - 0.05 mmol/L（P < 0.05）。DIM1时，B组的F:P比（1.77±0.07）高于A组（1.32±0.06；P < 0.05）。DIM2时观察到类似情况。据观察，B组动物在DIM1（OR = 4.0；95%CI：1.3 - 14.4；P = 0.01）和DIM2（OR = 5.9；95%CI：1.9 - 21.9；P < 0.01）时，F:P比≥1.29的可能性是A组奶牛的四至六倍。DIM1（r = 0.57；r = 0.33；RSD = 0.09；P < 0.001）和DIM2（r = 0.78；r = 0.60；RSD = 0.07；P < 0.001）时，F:P比与BHB之间也存在中度和高度相关性。我们得出结论，产后受LDA影响的动物在DIM1时牛奶中BHB浓度较高，所有接受治疗的动物在DIM3之前BHB水平迅速恢复。F:P比是一个可行且经济的指标，主要在DIM1和DIM2时，用于估计患LDA和其他产后疾病奶牛的BHB浓度和能量平衡。
