Department of Private Law, Area of Sociology, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Department of Education Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 14;18(6):2984. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18062984.
Workers living with intellectual disability suffer in a special way from the onset of premature aging. Hence the need to generate alternatives and policies for the development of a new model for active aging and the care of workers with intellectual disability. Our objective in this study is, therefore, to devise intervention measures that can minimize the effects of aging on the lives and the activities of these workers. Employing the Delphi technique, we assembled and consulted a panel of 8 experts with relevant expertise in the fields of intellectual disability; aging; employment and dependency. The panel included employers, families and workers with disability. Each expert reached a prior consensus over every response and contribution after having consulted four other experts with similar backgrounds, a consultative process in which a total of 40 experts participated. A total of 68 measures were proposed which correspond to three lines of action or key contexts: Firms and Organizations that employ People with Intellectual Disability; People with Intellectual Disability, and Family setting. In all, 10 recommendations with a focus on both firms and organizations were advanced to implement the proposed measures. The conclusion was that interventions are needed from the time at which the first symptoms of deterioration are detected, which should not necessarily lead to immediate loss of employment, as well as individualized and coordinated interventions among all relevant stakeholders, including the families.
智障人士劳动者在衰老提前出现时会以一种特殊的方式受苦。因此，需要制定替代方案和政策，为积极老龄化和智障人士劳动者的护理建立新的模式。因此，我们这项研究的目标是制定干预措施，将老龄化对这些劳动者生活和活动的影响降到最低。我们运用德尔菲技术，汇集并咨询了 8 名在智障、老龄化、就业和依赖领域具有相关专业知识的专家组成一个专家组。专家组包括雇主、残疾人家属和残疾劳动者。每位专家在咨询了另外 4 名具有类似背景的专家后，对每一个回复和建议达成了事先共识，总共 40 名专家参与了咨询过程。提出了 68 项措施，对应三条行动线或关键背景：雇用智障人士的企业和组织；智障人士本身；以及家庭环境。最后，提出了 10 项侧重于企业和组织的建议，以实施所建议的措施。结论是，需要从出现第一症状恶化时开始进行干预，这不一定导致立即失业，而且需要所有相关利益相关者（包括家庭）之间进行个性化和协调的干预。
