Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic.
Cells. 2021 Mar 7;10(3):588. doi: 10.3390/cells10030588.
Retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy or glaucoma, represent the main causes of a decreased quality of vision or even blindness worldwide. However, despite considerable efforts, the treatment possibilities for these disorders remain very limited. A perspective is offered by cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells can be obtained from the bone marrow or adipose tissue of a particular patient, expanded in vitro and used as the autologous cells. MSCs possess potent immunoregulatory properties and can inhibit a harmful inflammatory reaction in the diseased retina. By the production of numerous growth and neurotrophic factors, they support the survival and growth of retinal cells. In addition, MSCs can protect retinal cells by antiapoptotic properties and could contribute to the regeneration of the diseased retina by their ability to differentiate into various cell types, including the cells of the retina. All of these properties indicate the potential of MSCs for the therapy of diseased retinas. This view is supported by the recent results of numerous experimental studies in different preclinical models. Here we provide an overview of the therapeutic properties of MSCs, and their use in experimental models of retinal diseases and in clinical trials.
视网膜退行性疾病，如年龄相关性黄斑变性、色素性视网膜炎、糖尿病性视网膜病变或青光眼，是全球视力下降甚至失明的主要原因。然而，尽管付出了相当大的努力，这些疾病的治疗方法仍然非常有限。使用间充质干细胞（MSCs）的细胞疗法提供了一种前景。这些细胞可以从特定患者的骨髓或脂肪组织中获得，在体外扩增并用作自体细胞。MSCs 具有强大的免疫调节特性，可以抑制患病视网膜中的有害炎症反应。通过产生大量的生长和神经营养因子，它们支持视网膜细胞的存活和生长。此外，MSCs 可以通过抗细胞凋亡特性保护视网膜细胞，并通过其分化为包括视网膜细胞在内的各种细胞类型的能力有助于患病视网膜的再生。所有这些特性都表明了 MSCs 治疗患病视网膜的潜力。这一观点得到了大量不同临床前模型的实验研究的最新结果的支持。在这里，我们概述了 MSCs 的治疗特性，以及它们在视网膜疾病的实验模型和临床试验中的应用。
