Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
Department of Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2021 Aug;17(4):1154-1173. doi: 10.1007/s12015-020-10090-x. Epub 2021 Jan 6.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied extensively for the treatment of several retinal diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs lies in its ability to differentiate into multiple lineages and secretome enriched with immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Several studies have reported the role of MSCs in repair and regeneration of the damaged retina where the secreted factors from MSCs prevent retinal degeneration, improve retinal morphology and function. MSCs also donate mitochondria to rescue the function of retinal cells and exosomes secreted by MSCs were found to have anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on several promising results obtained from the preclinical studies, several clinical trials were initiated to explore the potential advantages of MSCs for the treatment of retinal diseases. This review summarizes the various properties of MSCs that help to repair and restore the damaged retinal cells and its potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）已被广泛研究用于治疗多种视网膜疾病。MSCs 的治疗潜力在于其能够分化为多种谱系，并分泌富含免疫调节、抗血管生成和神经营养因子的分泌组。多项研究报告了 MSCs 在修复和再生受损视网膜中的作用，MSCs 分泌的因子可防止视网膜变性，改善视网膜形态和功能。MSCs 还将线粒体捐赠给受影响的视网膜细胞以恢复其功能，并且发现 MSCs 分泌的外泌体具有抗细胞凋亡和抗炎作用。基于临床前研究中获得的几项有前景的结果，已经启动了几项临床试验来探索 MSCs 治疗视网膜疾病的潜在优势。本文综述了 MSCs 有助于修复和恢复受损视网膜细胞的各种特性及其在治疗视网膜退行性疾病方面的潜力。
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