Kukavica Deni, Guglielmo Marco, Baggiano Andrea, Muscogiuri Giuseppe, Fusini Laura, Muratori Manuela, Tamborini Gloria, Mantegazza Valentina, Trancuccio Alessandro, Arnò Carlo, Mazzanti Andrea, Pepi Mauro, Priori Silvia Giuliana, Pontone Gianluca
Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Mar 8;11(3):467. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11030467.
Mitral valve prolapse is a common cardiac condition, with an estimated prevalence between 1% and 3%. Most patients have a benign course, but ever since its initial description mitral valve prolapse has been associated to sudden cardiac death. Although the causal relationship between mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death has never been clearly demonstrated, different factors have been implicated in arrhythmogenesis in patients with mitral valve prolapse. In this work, we offer a comprehensive overview of the etiology and the genetic background, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and we focus on the state-of-the-art imaging-based diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. Going beyond the classical, well-described clinical factors, such as young age, female gender and auscultatory findings, we investigate multimodality imaging features, such as alterations of anatomy and function of the mitral valve and its leaflets, the structural and contractile anomalies of the myocardium, all of which have been associated to sudden cardiac death.
二尖瓣脱垂是一种常见的心脏疾病，估计患病率在1%至3%之间。大多数患者病情良性，但自首次描述以来，二尖瓣脱垂就一直与心源性猝死相关。尽管二尖瓣脱垂与心源性猝死之间的因果关系从未得到明确证实，但二尖瓣脱垂患者心律失常的发生涉及多种不同因素。在这项工作中，我们全面概述了病因、遗传背景、流行病学、病理生理学，并重点介绍了基于成像技术的二尖瓣脱垂诊断的最新进展。除了经典的、已充分描述的临床因素，如年轻、女性性别和听诊发现外，我们还研究多模态成像特征，如二尖瓣及其瓣叶的解剖和功能改变、心肌的结构和收缩异常，所有这些都与心源性猝死相关。
