Derkacz Alicja, Olczyk Paweł, Olczyk Krystyna, Komosinska-Vassev Katarzyna
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 8;10(5):1122. doi: 10.3390/jcm10051122.
The remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the intestine tissues, which simultaneously involves an increased degradation of ECM components and excessive intestinal fibrosis, is a defining trait of the progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The increased activity of proteases, especially matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), leads to excessive degradation of the extracellular matrix and the release of protein and glycoprotein fragments, previously joined with the extracellular matrix, into the circulation. MMPs participate in regulating the functions of the epithelial barrier, the immunological response, and the process of wound healing or intestinal fibrosis. At a later stage of fibrosis during IBD, excessive formation and deposition of the matrix is observed. To assess changes in the extracellular matrix, quantitative measurement of the concentration in the blood of markers dependent on the activity of proteases, involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix proteins as well as markers indicating the formation of a new ECM, has recently been proposed. This paper describes attempts to use the quantification of ECM components as markers to predict intestinal fibrosis and evaluate the healing process of the gut. The markers which reflect increased ECM degradation, together with the ones which show the process of creating a new matrix during IBD, allow the attainment of important information regarding the changes in the intestinal tissue, epithelial integrity and extracellular matrix remodeling. This paper contains evidence confirming that ECM remodeling is an integral part of directional cell signaling in the progression of IBD, and not only a basis for the ongoing processes.
肠道组织细胞外基质（ECM）的重塑，同时涉及ECM成分降解增加和肠道过度纤维化，是炎症性肠病（IBD）进展的一个决定性特征，IBD包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD）。蛋白酶活性增加，尤其是基质金属蛋白酶（MMP），导致细胞外基质过度降解，以及先前与细胞外基质结合的蛋白质和糖蛋白片段释放到循环系统中。MMP参与调节上皮屏障功能、免疫反应以及伤口愈合或肠道纤维化过程。在IBD纤维化后期，会观察到基质过度形成和沉积。为了评估细胞外基质的变化，最近有人提出定量测量血液中依赖蛋白酶活性的标志物浓度，这些蛋白酶参与细胞外基质蛋白的分解，以及指示新ECM形成的标志物。本文描述了尝试使用ECM成分定量作为标志物来预测肠道纤维化并评估肠道愈合过程。反映ECM降解增加的标志物，以及显示IBD期间新基质形成过程的标志物，能够获取有关肠道组织变化、上皮完整性和细胞外基质重塑的重要信息。本文有证据证实，ECM重塑是IBD进展中定向细胞信号传导的一个组成部分，而不仅仅是当前过程的基础。
