IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Cells. 2021 Mar 8;10(3):595. doi: 10.3390/cells10030595.
Adult stem cells (ASCs) were long suspected to exist in the endometrium. Indeed, several types of endometrial ASCs were identified in rodents and humans through diverse isolation and characterization techniques. Putative stromal and epithelial stem cell niches were identified in murine models using label-retention techniques. In humans, functional methods (clonogenicity, long-term culture, and multi-lineage differentiation assays) and stem cell markers (CD146, SUSD2/W5C5, LGR5, NTPDase2, SSEA-1, or N-cadherin) facilitated the identification of three main types of endogenous endometrial ASCs: stromal, epithelial progenitor, and endothelial stem cells. Further, exogenous populations of stem cells derived from bone marrow may act as key effectors of the endometrial ASC niche. These findings are promoting the development of stem cell therapies for endometrial pathologies, with an evolution towards paracrine approaches. At the same time, promising therapeutic alternatives based on bioengineering have been proposed.
成体干细胞（ASCs）长期以来一直被怀疑存在于子宫内膜中。事实上，通过各种分离和鉴定技术，在啮齿动物和人类中已经鉴定出了几种类型的子宫内膜 ASC。通过标记保留技术，在鼠模型中鉴定出了假定的基质和上皮干细胞龛位。在人类中，功能方法（克隆形成、长期培养和多谱系分化测定）和干细胞标记物（CD146、SUSD2/W5C5、LGR5、NTPDase2、SSEA-1 或 N-钙黏蛋白）促进了三种主要类型的内源性子宫内膜 ASC 的鉴定：基质干细胞、上皮祖细胞和内皮干细胞。此外，源自骨髓的外源性干细胞群体可能作为子宫内膜 ASC 龛位的关键效应物。这些发现正在促进针对子宫内膜病变的干细胞治疗的发展，朝着旁分泌方法发展。与此同时，已经提出了基于生物工程的有前途的治疗替代方案。
