Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany.
Cells. 2021 Mar 6;10(3):579. doi: 10.3390/cells10030579.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently incurable. As a consequence of an incomplete understanding of the etiology of the disease, therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment. Even though the majority of PD cases remain idiopathic (~90%), several genes have been identified to be causative for PD, facilitating the generation of animal models that are a good alternative to study disease pathways and to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD. has proven to be an excellent model in these studies. In this review, we will discuss the different PD models in flies and key findings identified in flies in different affected pathways in PD. Several molecular changes have been identified, of which mitochondrial dysfunction and a defective endo-lysosomal pathway emerge to be the most relevant for PD pathogenesis. Studies in flies have significantly contributed to our knowledge of how disease genes affect and interact in these pathways enabling a better understanding of the disease etiology and providing possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD, some of which have already resulted in clinical trials.
帕金森病（PD）是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病，目前尚无治愈方法。由于对疾病病因的了解不完全，治疗策略主要集中在对症治疗上。尽管大多数 PD 病例仍然是特发性的（~90%），但已经确定了几个导致 PD 的基因，这促进了动物模型的产生，为研究疾病途径和增加对 PD 潜在机制的理解提供了一个很好的替代方法。 已被证明是这些研究中的一个极好的模型。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论果蝇中的不同 PD 模型，以及在 PD 不同受影响途径中在果蝇中发现的关键发现。已经确定了几种分子变化，其中线粒体功能障碍和有缺陷的内溶酶体途径似乎与 PD 发病机制最为相关。在果蝇中的研究极大地促进了我们对疾病基因如何影响和相互作用于这些途径的认识，从而更好地了解疾病的病因，并为 PD 的治疗提供可能的治疗靶点，其中一些已经进入临床试验。
