Scammahorn Joshua J, Nguyen Isabel T N, Bos Eelke M, Van Goor Harry, Joles Jaap A
Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Mar 2;10(3):373. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030373.
Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an essential gaseous signaling molecule. Research on its role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has greatly expanded. Endogenous enzymatic production through the transsulfuration and cysteine catabolism pathways can occur in the kidneys and blood vessels. Furthermore, non-enzymatic pathways are present throughout the body. In the renal and cardiovascular system, HS plays an important role in maintaining the redox status at safe levels by promoting scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HS also modifies cysteine residues on key signaling molecules such as keap1/Nrf2, NFκB, and HIF-1α, thereby promoting anti-oxidant mechanisms. Depletion of HS is implicated in many age-related and cardiorenal diseases, all having oxidative stress as a major contributor. Current research suggests potential for HS-based therapies, however, therapeutic interventions have been limited to studies in animal models. Beyond HS use as direct treatment, it could improve procedures such as transplantation, stem cell therapy, and the safety and efficacy of drugs including NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors. All in all, HS is a prime subject for further research with potential for clinical use.
硫化氢（HS）是一种重要的气体信号分子。对其在生理和病理生理过程中作用的研究已大幅扩展。通过转硫和半胱氨酸分解代谢途径进行的内源性酶促生成可发生在肾脏和血管中。此外，非酶促途径遍布全身。在肾脏和心血管系统中，HS通过促进活性氧（ROS）的清除，在将氧化还原状态维持在安全水平方面发挥重要作用。HS还修饰关键信号分子如keap1/Nrf2、NFκB和HIF-1α上的半胱氨酸残基，从而促进抗氧化机制。HS的耗竭与许多与年龄相关的疾病以及心肾疾病有关，所有这些疾病都以氧化应激为主要促成因素。目前的研究表明基于HS的疗法具有潜力，然而，治疗干预仅限于动物模型研究。除了将HS用作直接治疗外，它还可以改善诸如移植、干细胞治疗等程序，以及包括非甾体抗炎药和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂在内的药物的安全性和有效性。总而言之，HS是一个有待进一步研究且具有临床应用潜力的重要课题。
