Glassman Jennifer, Jordan Timothy, Sheu Jiunn-Jye, Pakulski Lori, Thompson Amy
School of Intervention and Wellness, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
School of Population Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
Audiol Res. 2021 Mar 10;11(1):100-111. doi: 10.3390/audiolres11010011.
The purpose of this study was to identify the current health status of adults in the United States with self-reported hearing loss and compare it with US adults with a self-reported excellent or good hearing in three areas: (1) chronic disease states and general health status, (2) medical screening behaviors, and (3) lifestyle behaviors.
A secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2014 data set from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), specifically the Sample Adult Public Use File (samadult). For this questionnaire set, one adult per family was randomly selected. This individual self-reported their response to the questionnaire items. Binary regressions were used to analyze the odds ratio to find differences for selected disease states, screenings, and lifestyle behaviors. Respondents were grouped into one of four categories: excellent/good hearing, a little trouble hearing, moderate/a lot of trouble hearing, and deaf.
The excellent/good hearing group was used as the comparison group for the other three levels of hearing. There are many differences in likelihood to self-report disease states; the greatest increased likelihoods include tinnitus and heart disease, with tinnitus being 8.6 times more likely for those who identified as having moderate/a lot of hearing loss. Those with any level of hearing loss were 3 to 5 times more likely to self-report heart disease. Regarding lifestyle factors, individuals with any level of hearing loss were less likely to consume alcohol and 2.5 to 9 times more likely to be unable to engage in moderate or vigorous activity on a weekly basis, respectively.
There is a difference in the health status of individuals with hearing loss across all three areas examined (chronic disease states and general health status, medical screening behaviors, and lifestyle behaviors), and those differences vary based on level of hearing loss, the most notable being the self-reported inability to engage in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Disproportionate rates of tinnitus and heart disease were evident in all levels of hearing loss but most notable in those identifying as having moderate/a lot of trouble hearing. Further interdisciplinary research is necessary to improve the health of individuals with all levels of hearing loss, increase awareness of the hearing/health connection, and decrease hearing loss in general.
本研究的目的是确定美国自我报告有听力损失的成年人的当前健康状况，并将其与自我报告听力极佳或良好的美国成年人在三个方面进行比较：（1）慢性病状态和总体健康状况，（2）医疗筛查行为，以及（3）生活方式行为。
使用来自美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）2014年数据集，特别是样本成人公共使用文件（samadult）进行二次数据分析。对于此问卷集，每个家庭随机选择一名成年人。该个体自行报告其对问卷项目的回答。使用二元回归分析优势比，以找出所选疾病状态、筛查和生活方式行为的差异。受访者被分为四类之一：听力极佳/良好、听力有点问题、听力中度/有很多问题以及失聪。
听力极佳/良好组用作其他三个听力水平组的对照组。在自我报告疾病状态的可能性方面存在许多差异；增加可能性最大的包括耳鸣和心脏病，对于那些被认定有中度/很多听力损失的人来说，耳鸣的可能性高出8.6倍。任何听力损失水平的人自我报告患心脏病的可能性高出3至5倍。关于生活方式因素，任何听力损失水平的个体饮酒的可能性较小，每周无法进行适度或剧烈活动的可能性分别高出2.5至9倍。
在所有三个研究领域（慢性病状态和总体健康状况、医疗筛查行为以及生活方式行为）中，听力损失个体的健康状况存在差异，且这些差异因听力损失程度而异，最显著的是自我报告无法进行适度和剧烈的体育活动。耳鸣和心脏病的比例在所有听力损失水平中都明显偏高，但在那些被认定有中度/很多听力问题的人中最为显著。有必要进行进一步的跨学科研究，以改善所有听力损失水平个体的健康状况，提高对听力/健康关联的认识，并总体上减少听力损失。
